Bullying Bullying And Bullying - 894 Words

There are several ways students can put an end to bullying when they see it happen. One way is to tell the person who is bullying to knock it off, but this should only be done when it is safe to do so. If the witness is friends with the person who is bullying, they could also distract him by inviting him to do something else. A third way to handle the situation is to tell a trusted adult or teacher, but for this to work the adult must know how to deal with the situation appropriately. Another option is to befriend the person being bullied. This can significantly help combat feelings that are part of depression. And finally, the upstander (bystander that intervenes in a situation) can give the person being bullied an excuse to leave by telling him that an authority figure needs to talk to them immediately. Not all students exhibit warning signs when they are bullied, but some do and knowing these can help adults notice a bullying situation early on. For example, a person who is being bullied may suddenly start avoiding social situations or stop hanging out with their friends. This is only a warning sign for people who were really social to begin with. In addition to that and the side effects mentioned in the previous paragraph, students may suddenly begin losing possessions or coming home with them damaged. They might even start getting injuries they refuse to talk about. And last but not least, the person may start getting frequent stomach or headaches. (Department ofShow MoreRelatedBullying And Bullying : Bullying1180 Words   |  5 Pages Bullying is defined as unwanted or aggressive behavior that causes someone to feel afraid or intimidated. This behavior could be something physical, verbal, or something done electronically or through social media. If someone feels threatened by someone’s actions or words, it could be considered bullying, even if that was not the intent.There are many types of bullying, how to recognize bullying, how to report bullying, what to do if you see incidents of bullying, and what resources are availableRead MoreBullying : Bullying And Bullying985 Words   |  4 PagesBullying You may hear the word bullying a lot but never actually knew what it meant, well know is the time to know and be aware of what’s happening around you. Bullying is the use of force, threat, or aggressively dominate others. Bullying is common worldwide but there are specific types that are more common than others, there are four types of common bullying one of them is verbal bullying meaning when someone calls another person name, treating, and making disrespectful comments about someone isRead MoreBullying : Bullying And Bullying1366 Words   |  6 PagesKyle McBrady Ms. Coyle English 2A (3) 9 December 2014 Bullying Leading to Violence Bullying is when a person abuses his power to another person by causing physical or mental harm to the victim who is often weaker, says Dictionary.com (Bullying). This definition can be applied to a recent story in The Washington Post, where bullying caused a student by the name of Jaylen Fryberg to shoot his friends in a lunchroom cafeteria. Jaylen and his girlfriend had recently broken up and she began cyberbullyingRead MoreBullying : Bullying And Bullying1000 Words   |  4 Pages Bullying was defined as overly powered strength used when intimidating one, demanding ones request. Cyberbullying was defined as using electronic devices such as computers, texting, cellphones, iPad’s, etc. Bullying and Cyberbullying are similar in so many ways. One major similarity is aggressiveness, which is used to cause harm to a victim. They both are done to cause the victim pain. Cyberbullying and Bullying are neither often reported. Bullying is repeated behavior over and over again. ThoseRead MoreBullying : Bullying And Bullying880 Words   |  4 Pages Ever since this incident administrators have taken serious actions and the bullying has dramatically decreased. Students ceased to create rumors about him. They don’t physically abuse him or call him names in front of his peers anymore. However, he still gets talked about behind his back but of course it’s not as bad as before. He visits his counselor on a weekly basis and things have gotten much better. I’m glad that I stuck around to be there for him while he struggled with such a horrible timeRead MoreBullying : Bullying And Bullying1387 Words   |  6 PagesAn average bullying session lasts about 37 seconds; an adult intervenes in the problem about one in twenty-five times (Bullying Facts). Bullying is seen as aggressive and unwanted behavior between two or more people (Aspa).   Most people who are not involved in the actions going on do not really know it’s happening.   Most parents do not even know when their child, or children, are being bullied (Bullying Facts).   Bullying can be prevented if the right consequences take place.   Parents and schoolsRead MoreBullying : Bullying And Bullying769 Words   |  4 Pagesphysically bullied on the premise and cyber-bullying. The females reported more Cyber-bullying, off-school premises, through text massages and social media outlets. The males reported a higher rate of physical bullying on the school premise than the females. Students reported the occurrence of physical intimidation preventing younger students to access hallways. Also, student’s who are perceived as â€Å"different† are target and taunted. Currently, the bullying behavior seems to be accepted by the staffRead MoreBullying : Bullying And Bullying948 Words   |  4 Pages Bullying Teasing and playing around are all part of growing up; however, what happens when it happens over and over. The Hernando County Code of Conduct defines bullying as: systematically and chronically inflicting physical hurt or psychological distress, or physical behavior, including and threatening, insulting, or dehumanizing gesture, by a student or adult, that is severe or pervasive enough to create an intimidating, hostile, or offensive educational environment; cause discomfort orRead MoreBullying : Bullying And Bullying Essay1924 Words   |  8 Pages Bullying is a very touchy subject for people to talk about. It deals with a lot of mental, physical, and emotional damage. Bullying is violent and unwelcoming behavior among various different aged children in school that involves a lack of power for one kid and a lot of power for another. The behavior of a bully is repeated numerous times over time and becomes more aggressive as the path goes on. The bully has an imbalance of pow er over the one being bullied. They bully uses their power for givingRead MoreBullying : Bullying And Bullying941 Words   |  4 PagesThere are different ways to describe bullying. Stopbullying.gov states the definition of bullying is â€Å"unwanted, aggressive behavior among school aged children that involves a real or perceived power imbalance.† Webster’s dictionary portrays the definition of bullying is to frighten, hurt, or threaten (a smaller or weaker person): to act like a bully toward (someone), or to cause (someone) to do something by making threats or insults or by using force. Violenceproventionworks.org mentions A person

Sociology Marriage and Divorce Free Essays

Sociology – Family Unit – Marriage and Divorce Most people argue that the family is in ‘crisis’. They point to the rapidly increasing divorce rate, cohabitation, illegitimacy and number of single parent families. What is happening to Marriage? Marriage has increased in popularity, reaching a peak in 1971. We will write a custom essay sample on Sociology Marriage and Divorce or any similar topic only for you Order Now Since then there has been a significant decline in the number of marriages, from 459000 in 1971 to 250000 in 2001. There is a decline in first marriages where neither partner has been married before. But there is a growing number of remarriages, in which one or both partners have been divorced; these marriages constitute 15% of all marriages in 1971 and 40% in 1996. The average age at which people first marry has steadily increased in recent decades. Since 1971 it has risen from 24 to 30 for men and from 22 to 28 for women. By 1998 there were relatively few young people who were married. Of those under the age of 24 just 3% of men and 7% of women were married. More than one third of all 18 – 49 year old women are now single. Is Marriage still the Norm? Despite all the arguments about the decline of marriage, it continues to be the case that most people in Britain grow up and form a nuclear family for part of their adult life. Most couples who get married or have stable cohabitation relationships have children. The family unit is still mainly one in which children are brought up by two ‘parents’. The majority (71%) of young people live in families headed by a couple. Just less than a quarter (24%) live in single parent households. The majority of lone-parent families (90%) are headed by women, and the major reason is separation or divorce from the male partner, although some women are single or widowed. Cohabitation is most likely to be found among those aged 25 – 34 years. Over one in five (22%) in this age group currently cohabit. The majority (59%) of those who live together subsequently go on to marry that partner. In some respects marriage is more popular because people marry more often. The percentage of remarriage has risen from 14% in 1961 to 40% in 1996. Cohabitation Living together as a couple is no longer seen as ‘living in sin’. Read also  Sociology and Social Integration. Increasingly the idea of cohabiting is being viewed as respectable. Two thirds (67%) of the British public now regard cohabitation as acceptable, even when the couple have no intention in getting married. The idea that people should get married if they have children is also fading away. In 1989, 7 in 10 people held this view. By 2001 the proportion had fallen to just over half (54%). Nor is there much support these days for the belief that married couples make better parents – only 1 in 4 (27%) think this is the case. Marriage Patterns for African-Caribbean’s and Asians Research carried out at Essex University in 2000 indicates that only 39% of British-born African-Caribbean adults under the age of 60 are in a formal marriage compared with 60% of white adults. Moreover this group is more likely than any other group to inter-marry. The number of mixed-race partnerships means that very few African-Caribbean men and women are married to each other. Only one quarter of Caribbean children live with two black parents. There is also a tradition of women living independently from their children’s father in the African-Caribbean community. This could be partly explained historically, from the days of slavery, when husbands and wives were sold to separate plantations. But Wilson (1987) argues that a black woman may be reluctant to marry (or live with) a man whose chances of getting / keeping a job are low and make him an unreliable source of income for themselves and their children. Consequently half of Caribbean families with children are now single parents. Marriage in Asian families whether Muslim, Hindu or Sikh is mainly arranged and consequently there is little inter-marriage with other religions or cultures. Relationships between Asian parents and their children are also very different, Asian children tend to respect religious and cultural traditions and they feel a strong sense of duty to their families and especially their elders. Taken as a whole young British Asians have more choice and say than previous generations. Their current situation is probably not dramatically different from that of young no-Asian adults who, while choosing their marital partners on the basis of romantic love, often marry people very similar to themselves in terms of background factors such as social class and educational qualifications. Parental influence may be less direct than in an arranged marriage, but parents can show disapproval on ‘inappropriate’ boyfriends or girlfriends. What are the Patterns in Divorce? From 1971 to 1996 the number of divorces has more than doubled. In 1991 there were 350000 marriages but 171000 divorces meaning that there were nearly half as many divorces as marriages. The proportion of marriages, which are remarriages, has also been rising, for example 15% of all marriages in 1961 were re-marriages for one or both partners; by 1991 this figure has risen to 36%. Britain has the highest divorce rate in Europe according to official EU statistics (Eurostat, June 2001). Each year, 2. 7 people per thousand of the population get divorced in Britain compared with the EU average of 1. 8 per thousand. Who Divorces? Young spouses and young marriages are most at risk. A person’s age at marriage is strongly associated with the likelihood of divorce. Generally speaking, the older people are when they marry, the less chance they have of divorcing. Couples who marry in their teens are almost twice as likely to divorce as those who marry between the ages of 20 and 24. The divorce rate also varies by the amount of time the marriage has lasted. For example, in 1979 nearly half of all divorces occurred within the first 10 years. One investigation (Thornes and Collard, 1979) found that of all marital separations (rather than legal divorces), 60% occurred before the 10th year of marriage. Social class is also closely related to the incidence of divorce. The divorce rate for unskilled husbands is more than four times that for professionals and for the unemployed, almost five times that for the professionals. Patterns in Marriage and Divorce Feminist sociologists see the trends as a sign of the lack of satisfaction provided by traditional patriarchal marriage, with individuals seeking alternative types of relationships and living arrangements. New Right thinkers have seen the trends as a sign of the breakdown of the family and have argued for a return to ‘traditional values’. They suggest that because of the easy availability of divorce, people are no longer as committed to the family as they were in the past. Changes in legislation which have made divorce easier but also social changes in which the law reflect are seen as the main causes of the increase in divorce rates. Have Women Broken up the Family? The position of women has changed in a number of ways, such as the wife does not have to put up with an unsatisfactory marriage; they are not expected to be socially subservient to their husbands. Women now have more independence and are in a better financial position if they were to want a divorce; they are no longer totally reliant on their husbands. It was stated that women in general are less satisfied with their marriages than men. In the 1990’s women initiated the majority of divorces. Growing Secularisation Secularisation refers to the declining influence of religious beliefs and institutions. Goode and Gibson argued that secularisation has resulted in marriage becoming less o a sacred, spiritual union and more a personal and practical commitment. Evidence that supports this is that 60% of marriages today do not involve a religious ceremony. Changing Social Attitudes Divorce has become more socially acceptable and there is less social disapproval and stigma attached to divorces. It no longer hinders careers through a public sense of scandal and outrage. As a result of this people are less afraid of the consequences of divorce and are more likely to end an unhappy marriage. Functionalists such as Talcott Parsons and Renoald Fletcher argue that the increased value of marriage may have caused a rise in marital breakdown. As people expect and demand more from a marriage and expect it to be perfect. Fletcher argues that a relatively high divorce rate may be indicative not of lower but of higher standards of marriage in society. Privatised Marriages Allan argues that the family has become increasingly defined as a private institution. The wider family, and society at large, do not have the right to interfere in family life and therefore the family unit is not supported by its integration into a wider social network, which means family problems cannot be so easily shared. Love and Marriage – Why are Arranged Marriages Stronger? Within an arranged marriage people have more realistic expectations than those who marry for love. People who support arranged marriages suggest that love is something that develops overtime, where as romantic love is likely to change into something less exciting, or disappear altogether Sociology – Family Unit – Births and The Ageing Population Births One of the strongest trends has been the rise in illegitimacy. Illegitimacy rates are rising, as more people have children without being married. Some of the stigma associated with illegitimacy no longer exists. This is countered by the New Right’s assault on unmarried mothers, who have been the scapegoat to a certain extent by the media who blame them for the modern failings of society. Unmarried mothers may not be that different to nuclear families as some of these children born outside of a marriage are born to a couple who cohabit or are in a stable relationship, so will therefore have the same advantages / life as a nuclear family child. It is just that the mother and father / couple are not legally married. More and more women are deciding not to have children, as they’d rather focus on / have a career. Having a career may also be the reason for women having children later on in their lives. The Ageing Population The population as a whole are getting older as people are now living longer. This could be seen as a negative or a positive thing. According to the negative view this gives a greater dependence ratio whereby the working population have a greater burden to take care of those not working. Increased pressure on hospitals, social services and pensions will lead to a greater tax burden. On the positive side, it can be argued that since older people are now more likely to stay fit and healthy they may become an important part of our families (childcare for grandchildren) and as part of the voluntary workforce. Ginn and Arber found that the level to which older people could maintain their independence and play a constructive part in society depended to a large extent on their social class, gender and ethnicity. The notion of ageing itself is a socially constructed concept that varies from culture to culture. The retirement age itself has moved several times and still varies between men and women reinforce the notion that old age is in itself a social construction. How to cite Sociology Marriage and Divorce, Papers

Lab Tasks Related to Project Management

Question: Discuss about theLab Tasks Related to Project Management. Answer: Lab No 10 Task 4: Team management is a complicated process. While handling the teams of professional purpose one has to deal with a number of things which may or may not be professional. Many a times, the people of the teams make different decisions. Also, they are not able to convince others during these scenarios. This leads to the creation of a heavy atmosphere within the team. The people begun to enter into quarrel with one another which also disturbs the environment of the team (Alotaibi Mafimisebi, 2016). Though all the members of the team have a view to do something good and fair for the project completion but because of the difference in opinion there are certain issues. In addition to this, one comes across a situation where the projects have to be completed with limited budget. Other problems which the manager of the team has to face are the effective implementation and management of the different challenges faced by the team (Atkinson, 1999). As a manager of the company, I need to make sure that there are no budget issues in the project. In the application development, the company Code Corp has to increase the cost estimate by $100000. Being a manager, this is a difficult situation for me. Code Corp Company is the core developer of the software and is directly involved in the process of project completion. Also, he has each and every detail of the code is with Code Corp only. Therefore, at this point of time, the developing company cant be changed as well. Though, Code Corp. is a good company but one needs to ensure that the project should not cost too high. In this case, there is a huge conflict among the different stakeholders of the project. Conflict 1) One conflict is there between the company and the Code Corp. Code corp. is mentioning that they need to provide much more effort and labor than what had been actually estimated by the company. The accused that the same is because of the fact that specifications were not provided completely. Under these conditions, I will first ask the finance team to do the budget analysis. This would include the analysis of the factors which had led to the increase in the budget. I would ask them to do the analysis, if the labor estimate initially was too low or the specifications werent provided correctly by the company. There will be analysis of the factors why the correct information wasnt sending to code corp., initially. Following this, if it is found that the wrong information had been send to the Code Corp, an investigation will be done on the team who did initial analysis and survey. I will also be asking the budget analysis team to do the proper analysis of the budget (Cleland Ireland, 2006). I will ensure that they find out that how much budget should be actually allocated to Code Corp Company. Also, I will ask the teams to analyze that how much amount can be paid to code corp. This would be done after each and every consideration such as I will also ensure that Code Corp. should be asked to lower down the budget estimate (Duncan, 1996). I will give them the information about the benefits which they can enjoy by developing the software for our team. If they are not convinced, we will also be giving them an offer for entering into the partnership with our company for this project. Conflict 2: The second conflict is because of the differences in the way people are working. They are not addressing to the different challenges which are to be faced by them. In order to resolve this issue, I will ensure that the teams work in a proper manner. I will make sure that each and every member is compliant to the rules and regulations and is also adhering to the different processes in the team. He/ She should show 100 % compliance for his work and completes each and every work on time and in a proper manner. If I find that the people are not their works seriously or leaving their jobs unfinished, I will be giving them an initial warning. Even after this, if it is found that a certain person is not being compliant still, they will be expelled from the organization. In order to handle any kind of conflict, I will initially be polite and will explain different people according to the wrong which they would have done. After this, I would take some harsh decisions. In order to convince the Code Corp, I would be using different strategies mentioned above ((Munns Bjeirmi, 1996). Lab 11: Task 1) Risk register may be defined as the scatter-plot which is used for the purpose of risk management and it acts as the repository for each and every risk which may be identified in case of the project. The risks which may be there in case of the application can be among the following: Estimation and Scheduling: One of the most important risks which may be there in the project is related to estimation and scheduling. Though the funds have been approved, but it is important that the code corp. company also completes the project within the given time frame and with best quality. Also it is important to ensure that the estimation of the amount given by Code Corp (Larson Gray, 201). should not be revised further. It has been very difficult to deal with the same once and no more changes can be made further. It is important that the teams of the company should ensure that the project is completed within the given deadline and in a proper manner. Compromise on design: It is important that when the final application will be delivered by Code Corp., there should be no compromise on its design. Sometimes, it has been observed that in order to complete the task within time, the developing company, intend to rush the process of design (Packendorff, 1995). This can be a waste in hours of programming as design proves to be a very important component of the development of the software. It should be ensured that the application is able to do the capture of the remote deposits in an efficient manner and it should not be the fact that the design of the project has been compromised. The final design should be completely as per the specifications. Environment Issues: One of the major issues which may be observed in the application is the environment issue. It is important that an application works properly in the production environment when millions or customers are using the application. There are certain times when the product may be working properly with limited number of users. But, whenever, there is lesser number of users, the application may fail to process. It is important that in the project, there isnt any issue with respect to the environment. Technical risk: Sometimes, it may be observed that the companies may reduce the overall functionality of the software in order to compensate for the overruns. This may lead to higher budget later on (Burke, 2013). There may be times when the conflict is observed between the functionality and the peak performance of the software. In order to get more profit, code corp may also reduce the functionality in the application. It is important to ensure that everything should be checked properly. No change in System configuration: It is assumed that there should not be any change required in the system configuration after the development and installation of the application. Remote sensing beyond the given distance: It is assumed that the remote sensing application would be working fine for the distances of around 10000 kilometers. But they may also work more than this. Therefore, it will be a positive risk. Task 2: Risk Matrix Analysis for the Risks: IMPACT Trivial Minor Moderate Major Extreme Rare Unlikely Technical risk Compromise on design Moderately Estimation and Scheduling Likely No change in System configuration Very Likely Remote sensing beyond the given distance Environment Issues Task 3: Each and every project has certain amount of risks associated with the same. But it is important ensure that the same risks should be handled in such a manner that it should not have any impact on the completion of the project. The response for the risks should be in a proper manner so as to minimize the risks which are there in the project. In order to handle the risk related to estimation and scheduling a clause will be added to the contract. This will make sure that there is no change at all in the completion of the project deadline and also the quality of the project. Also, fines would be levied on code corp. if the deadline of the project is missed and the same is not completed within the given duration of time. In order to respond to the risk regarding the compromise in design, the design team will do the complete analysis of the project design and will also observe the development process in a proper manner. The environment issues can be responded by ensuring that Code corp itself does the completion of the entire design by testing for more than 10 million customers (Zhang, 2016). They will have to ensure that the application works fine in the live environment as well. In order to avoid the technical risk, each and every segment of the application will be given a fixed space in the memory. This will ensure that there is no technical risk and the app can work properly even at its peak. References Alotaibi, A.B. and Mafimisebi, O.P., 2016. Project Management Practice: Redefining Theoretical Challenges in the 21st Century.Project Management,7(1). Atkinson, R., 1999. Project management: cost, time and quality, two best guesses and a phenomenon, its time to accept other success criteria.International journal of project management,17(6), pp.337-342. Burke, R., 2013. Project management: planning and control techniques.New Jersey, USA. Cleland, D.L. and Ireland, L.R., 2006.Project management. McGraw-Hill Professional. Duncan, W.R., 1996. A guide to the project management body of knowledge. Munns, A.K. and Bjeirmi, B.F., 1996. The role of project management in achieving project success.International journal of project management,14(2), pp.81-87. Larson, E.W. and Gray, C.F., 2011. Project management: The managerial process. Meredith, J.R. and Mantel Jr, S.J., 2011.Project management: a managerial approach. John Wiley Sons. Packendorff, J., 1995. Inquiring into the temporary organization: new directions for project management research.Scandinavian journal of management,11(4), pp.319-333. Zhang, Y., 2016. Selecting risk response strategies considering project risk interdependence.International Journal of Project Management,34(5), pp.819-830.

Leadership aspect at Сhris company

Many descriptions for leadership exist in the present society but a general explanation for this concept means a process in which a person leads while others follow. A leader ensures the organization of his team to achieve certain goals.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Leadership aspect at Ð ¡hris company specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Some of these goals include profit maximization, increase sales volume, and improve customer satisfaction as well as employee satisfaction. A myriad group of leaders prevail from the industrial to the domesticated level and they comprise the following entities: Charismatic, democratic and autocratic leaders are just a few types of leaders. The democratic leadership style is seen to be the widely applied leadership style. Notably, no company endeavored into the sports equipment business except Chris Company thus an advantage on its side. However, the rising levels of competi tors in the same market pose as an enormous competition for Chris Company. Alternatively, the fact that the competitors are producing low quality products is an opportunity and an advantage to the company. In an attempt to restore confidence and trust in the organization, the CEO should first disband the whole finance team and employ a new CFO. The management should transfer all employees in the department to other departments within the organization in order to ensure productivity. The departments incorporate logistics, the sales department as well as the human resource sector. The CEO should also ensure that there is an assurance department in the organization responsible for auditing all the departments.Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Lack of an assurance department raises tension within the employability realm hence calling for the creation of one. The employment o f a new CFO will eventually restore confidence and trust in the organization. Chris Company is the single group manufacturing the sports equipment hence posing as an advantage to it. In order to take advantage of the popularity of the sport, Chris Company needs to improve its marketing plan. This means that Chris Company will have to increase its advertising campaigns whilst basing this to quality assurance and efficiency in production. In addition, Chris Company should also hire sales representatives responsible for promoting it products in various parts of the world. In accumulation to the above, the sales representatives should ensure that they attend the Olympic Games to market the equipment and to learn better IMC techniques. This will not only increase the popularity of the company but increase the sales and eventually the profits. Marketing parse is not the only channel to success rather the CEO should also look for alternative means to finance its working capital. After rema ining with an operating capital of 70%, the company requires more finances to reach the 100% mark of the operating capital. The management and leadership process is in a continuum and the CEO should give directions to the HR department to increase the workforce in the factory. This means that the requisite labor force should have the capacity to work efficiently in a cost effective manner in order to reduce the work backlog and increase profits. In designing a plan in order to stay at the top of the market, all departments will need representation. The CEO should ensure a strategic plan formulation and ensure that all departments take part in this process. From an overview of the organizational structure, it desires a restructure.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Leadership aspect at Ð ¡hris company specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This necessitates the inclusion of new departments within the same structure to make it robust but manageable. The most appropriate departments for inclusion engross the audit and assurance department as well as the procurement department. Finally, the plan should ensure that each department is functional and relevant. As such, they should create targets that the management reviews periodically depending on the different strengths they possess including finances and the social structures. In conclusion, leadership in management especially during the formulation of a new company is extremely important. This is because it has the team building capacity that fosters the need for unity and making rational decisions through popular participation and liaison. This case study on Leadership aspect at Ð ¡hris company was written and submitted by user Nickolas U. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

A Justified Criticism of Platos The Republic essays

A Justified Criticism of Platos The Republic essays Platos The Republic has taken the ancient and contemporary world by storm, inciting both birth and death of paradigms concerning the state and society. By that phenomenon, it brought with it a gush of relentless controversy while revealing and yet concealing subjectively realities on the emptiness and incompleteness of human existence. Some may probably have perceived it as a rational approach to politics, some a repression of the free human spirit, while some may probably view it as a mere product of a delusive mind. However the existence of these convictions, each of us must try to take his own stand by examining and weighing its value or even figuring if it does possess any. Taking the tone of the rhetoric, we shall embark on the whole course of this worthwhile journey guided by the question, could the philosophies presented in Platos writing in fact be useful to mankind or should it remain but a far-fetched fantasy nature would never allow to materialize? For some reason, the form in which Plato preferred to chronicle into account the ideas of his mentor, Socrates, was by the form the dialogue. The discourse opens with a conversation with Adeimantus on the main subject of inquiry-justice. Socrates then suggests how the concept can, in its full effect, be integrated into a community by mentally conceptualizing the ideal state. One noteworthy statement with which he founded his construction: A state comes into existence because no individual is self-sufficing; we all have many needs. Such a profound and heavy thought. He then proceeds with enumerating the needs of a state and supposedly assigning each man to work towards sufficing each need according to what vocation of profession naturally befits the citizen. Each man, according to Socrates is born meant for a certain purpose and a certain duty, which he must strictly adhere to during his lifetime to maintain order, and later, what we are to di...

Microplastics and Their Environmental Effects

Microplastics and Their Environmental Effects Microplastics are small fragments of plastic material, generally defined as smaller than what can be seen by the naked eye.  Our increased reliance on plastics for countless applications has negative consequences to the environment. For example, the plastic manufacturing process is associated with air pollution, and volatile organic compounds released over the life of the plastic have deleterious health effects for humans. Plastic waste takes up significant space in landfills. However, microplastics in the aquatic environment  has been a newly emerging concern in the public consciousness. As the name implies, microplastics are very small, generally too small to see although some scientists include pieces up to 5mm in diameter (about a fifth of an inch). They are of various types, including polyethylene (e.g., plastic bags, bottles), polystyrene (e.g., food containers), nylon, or PVC. These plastic items become degraded by heat, UV light, oxidation, mechanical action, and biodegradation by living organisms like bacteria. These processes yield increasingly small particles that eventually can be classified as microplastics. Microplastics On the Beach   It appears that the beach environment, with its abundant sunlight and very high temperatures at ground level, is where the degradation processes operate fastest. On the hot sand surface, plastic trash fades, becomes brittle, then cracks and breaks down. High tides and wind pick up the tiny plastic particles and eventually add them to the growing great garbage patches found in the oceans. Since beach pollution is a major contributor of microplastic pollution, beach cleanup efforts turn out to be much more than esthetic exercises.   Environmental Effects of Microplastics Many persistent organic pollutants (for example, pesticides, PCBs, DDT, and dioxins) float around the oceans at low concentrations, but their hydrophobic nature concentrates them on the surface of plastic particles. Marine animals mistakenly feed on the microplastics, and at the same time ingest the toxic pollutants. The chemicals accumulate in the animal tissues and then increase in concentration as the pollutants are transferred up the food chain.As the plastics degrade and become brittle, they leach out monomers like BPA which can then be absorbed by marine life, with relatively little known consequences.Besides the associated chemical loads, ingested plastic materials can be damaging for marine organisms, as they can lead to digestive blockage or internal damage from abrasion. There is still much research needed to properly evaluate this issue.Being so numerous, microplastics provide abundant surfaces for small organisms to attach. This dramatic increase in colonization opportuni ties can have population-level consequences. In addition, these plastics are essentially rafts for organisms to travel further than they usually would, making them vectors for spreading invasive marine species. Microbeads A more recent source of trash in the oceans is the tiny polyethylene spheres, or microbeads, increasingly found in many consumer products. These microplastics do not come from the breakdown of larger pieces of plastic but instead are engineered additives to cosmetics and personal care products. They are most often used in skin care products and toothpaste and wash down drains, pass through water treatment plants, and end up in freshwater and marine environments. There is increased pressure for countries and states to regulate microbead use, and many large personal care product companies have pledged to find other alternatives. Sources Andrady, A. 2011. Microplastics in the Marine Environment. Marine Pollution Bulletin.Wright et al. 2013. The Physical Impacts of Microplastics on Marine Organisms: A Review. Environmental Pollution.

Performance Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Performance Management - Essay Example Performance management is a whole work system that begins when a job is defined as needed. It ends when an employee leaves your organization.† (Heathfield 2009). The main objective of performance management rating is to identify the performance level of each employee on the basis of some criteria. Here performance management rating scale for a front line employee is discussed. There are so many methods available for the evaluation of the performance of an employee. The best method which can be applied in this case is Paired Comparison method. Under this method a front-line employee is compared with each other front-line employees. The criteria that can be used for the comparison are communication skill, preventability, team work, quality of the work, dedication etc. The person who conducts performance management rating will be supplied with number of slips. Each of which contains a particular rating criterion and also the names of two employees. The rater marks across or in front of the name of the employee who is better than the other with regard to the given criteria and that employee will be given one point. The employee who got the highe st number of points is considered as better than others and ranked accordingly. This can be explained with the help of an example. Consider there are four employees namely A, B, C and D and criteria used is, say, interaction with customers. Here A is compared with B, C and D. How A is compared with B is shown below. Here A gets one point as he is better than B with regard to the criteria namely interaction with customers. In the same way A is compared with C and D. Same process is done with other employees also. There should be a continuous feed back from employees and also meeting should be conducted as and when required. Answer: Performance appraisal helps the organization in taking

Research paper on diabetes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Research paper on diabetes - Essay Example A number of major findings also contributed much to the contemporary knowledge of diabetes: taking out the pancreas will result in diabetes; the pancreas generates insulin in Langerhans’s group of cells; and giving insulin to a diabetic person is effectual medication (Pompei 39). The Nobel Prize in Medicine in 1923 was given to Banting and Best for their development of insulin and provision of insulin treatment to a teenager suffering from diabetes. It is now known that diabetes mellitus can be the outcome of lack of insulin, damaged insulin production, or resistance to the effect of insulin (Bertera 33). This knowledge was supported and enhanced by advancements in the capacity to measure levels of insulin in the mid-20th century. Some individuals with diabetes mellitus lack quantifiable insulin, whereas others, in spite of sufficient secretion of insulin, either do not produce it in a way that sustains normal physiological processes, or have organs unresponsive to its impact (Bertera 33). Nowadays it is known that a number of pathogenic mechanisms can lead to diabetes and that there is a vital connection between an individual’s genetic composition and environmental forces. Diabetes mellitus is a set of metabolic illnesses typified by high amounts of blood sugar because of defects in the secretion of insulin, insulin functioning, or both. ... Since the illness could be asymptomatic for a number of years, it is approximated that numerous older people with diabetes are not aware of their disease (Pompei 40). The commonness of this illness differs with ethnicity and racial affiliation. Hispanic whites and Hispanic blacks are roughly 1.8 times more prone to have diabetes than non-Hispanic whites (Pompei 40-41). In spite of an extended asymptomatic duration, diabetes is a severe illness related to reduced life expectancy and considerable morbidity. The kind of diabetes usually impinging on older adults is related to a rate of mortality almost twice that of individuals without this illness and a decade shorter life expectancy (Bertera 35). Inadequately regulated diabetes can be the source of dangerous deterioration in an older individual and is manifested by functional disability, muscle impairment, loss of weight, and fatigue. More permanent complications of this disease involve neuropathies, kidney failure, and poor eyesight. The prevalence of kidney disease, stroke, and cardiovascular disease is intensified, and the possibility of complete loss of eyesight is heightened roughly by 40% in older adults with diabetes (Bertera 35-36). Diabetes is one of the major serious illnesses, and hence one of the major public health concerns nowadays, and its overwhelming estimated growth is mostly because of the aging of the population alongside industrialization, urbanization, and the obesity outbreak. In the 1970s, the National Diabetes Prevention and Control Program was formed to advance education, raise awareness, and regulate and prevent complications by circulating empirical knowledge (Pompei 42). Findings from empirical research are being analyzed and disseminated on a regular

Foreign Policy Judiciary Politics Essay Example for Free

Foreign Policy Judiciary Politics Essay 1. Although the power of the national government increased during the early republic, these developments often face serious opposition. Compare the motives and effectiveness of those who opposed the growing power of the national government in TWO of the following: Whiskey Rebellion, 1794 Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions, 1798-1799 Hartford Convention, 1814-1815 2. To what extent did the Jeffersonian Republican’s of economic boycott in the years 1807 – 1812 affect the new nation? 3. To what extent was the early United States foreign policy a primarily defensive reaction to actual or perceived threats from Europe? Evaluate with regard to United States foreign policy on TWO major issues during the period from 1789 – 1815. 4. Analyze the contributions of TWO of the following in helping establishing a stable government after the adoption of the Constitution John Adams Thomas Jefferson George Washington 5. Explain the influence of TWO of the following on the U.S. decision to go to war in 1812. Embargo policies of Jefferson and Madison British impressment of American seamen Settlers’ conflicts with Native Americans Expansionist goals of the war hawks 6. Compare and contrast the political and economic views of the Hamiltonian Federalists and the Jeffersonian Republicans. When, why and how did the differences between the two parties blur? 7. Evaluate the relative importance of domestic and foreign affairs in shaping American politics in the 1790s. 8. Since the treaty of Ghent addressed none of the issues for which the United States had fought, the War of 1812 has no positive consequences for the American nation. Assess the validity of this statement 9. To what extent was the Election of l800 aptly named the Revolution of l800? Respond with reference to 2 of the following areas Economics

Hakim Bey, Chaos: The Broadsheets of Ontological Anarchism :: Essays Papers

Hakim Bey, Chaos: The Broadsheets of Ontological Anarchism Such is the fast-paced world and style of Hakim Bey’s writings. Sporadic and rarely rounded up for interrogation, Bey’s Ontological Anarchism pervades all his writings, on topics as varied as â€Å"Islam and Eugenics†[1], â€Å"The Information War†[2], â€Å"The Evil Eye†[3], a critique of multiculturalism[4], and Celtic-African entheogens[5]. Hakim Bey’s zine writings and early 90’s hipsterism have made him known to some as â€Å"The Marco Polo of the Subunderground†[6] and a counter-cultural guru to many more. With information becoming more firm only in the last few years, Hakim Bey has been identified as a pseudonym for Peter Lamborn Wilson, a New York based translator and author. Drawing on his experiences wandering India, Asia, and North Africa, Hakim Bey authors (what offer to be) outrageous manifestos and leftist anarchist essays primarily for zine publication and distribution or for lectures and performance. He draws explicitly on a Moorish and sufiist intellectual heritage with occasional references to contemporary philosophers and cultural theorists. He situates himself as a post situationist anarchist informed by critical theory, and has written in both ctheory and Trip. Bey’s writing is ultimately so fascinating precisely because it does not fit neatly into a schools of thought, academic discipline, or a relation between the major figures of contemporary theory (eg loves Baudrillard, ignores Lacan, sometimes uses Foucault). As such, his writings are rather esoterically his own, and not only do not make their ties with other theorists explicit, but also cannot be immediately connected to theirs (because Bey’s assumptions are so different on account of his background’s differences from western academic philosophy). His work, as a theorist of media (and everything else), operates at a straightforward and accessible level, filled with obscure references that don’t point towards an expertise in his readership so much as an explosion of it. For some, his writings are meaningless babble on the level of Principia Discordia[7]. He does not get much mainstream citation except in regards to his concept of PT and the TAZ[8], but he does get plenty of crap. This disdain culminated in the publication of a ‘fake’ Hakim Bey book, actually written by â€Å"Luther Blissett†[9]. Hakim Bey is a persona. His behaviors and secrecy are all a part of the body of work of which he is accredited with authorship.

What It Takes To Have A Lasting Relationship

There are three secret C’s to building a lasting relationship. These are commitment, communication, and creativity. According to relationship experts and best-selling authors, Kathlyn and Gay Hendricks, who have been successfully married for 25 years, the first big secret to a lasting relationship is the C-word most people dread – commitment. In a romantic relationship, couples should commit to processes or how to get things done together and not to outcomes as these will not lead them their desired goals for the relationship. Similarly, speaking honestly and telling the truth are ways of committing. Contrary to what others think, secrecy and keeping a part of oneself are not healthy. Moreover, since it is not easy to fully commit, each one may sometimes fail; yet the secret is to keep on recommitting and not dwell on the failure of committing (Hughes, 2006). The second big secret according to the Hendricks is knowing how to deal with emotions such as anger, fear, and sadness. These are the most difficult feelings humans need to address; hence learning how to be aware of these feelings and to speak about these in a simple and honest way (Hughes, 2006) is crucial for the relationship. With this, healthy and open communication lines should be maintained between couples. Another big secret to a lasting relationship is creativity. The Hendricks claimed that couples should learn how to support the creative path of their partners. They further said that creativity adds to people’s attractiveness and revitalization. Moreover, creativity in individuality and in unity is also important in maintaining relationships. Hence, appreciation or gratitude for these also need to be maintained. Consequently, maintaining a relationship is not just a walk in the park for couples. For it to last, commitment, communication, and creativity are needed.

Candide Essay

Candide Essay Voltaire uses literary techniques such as satire and critique to demonstrate the cruelty and folly of humanity. He focuses on serious topics that include sexism, and reduces it to absurdity so that it is comical to the audience. Despite the fact that Voltaire constantly over- exaggerates this subject, he does not trying to reinforce them. Some might say Voltaire portrays women as objects of desire and is capitalizing on the subject but to get his point across using satire, some people will have to get offended.In Candide, Voltaire is critiquing and satirizing sexism. An example of how sexism and rape were satirized and critiqued in chapter 11 on pg 40 â€Å"I was beauty and grace itself, and I was a virgin. I was not so for long; that flower that had been reserved for the handsome Prince of Massa-Carrara was ravished from me by the pirate captain. Indeed My Lady the Princess of Palastrina and I had to be very strong to endure all we underwent until we arrived in Morocc o. But let’s get on; these things are so common that they are not worth speaking of. † Rape is a very sensitive subject.The old woman talked about the incident in a nonchalant tone and said that it was so common that it was not worth talking about. Voltaire did this to satirize what were becoming society’s â€Å"normal† views on such brutal acts. He was letting us know that rape was such a frequent thing in the time period in which he lived, that it was being viewed by society as â€Å"normal â€Å". In order to understand the book properly, it is important to recognize that Voltaire was attempting to portray the problems within society such as sexism, by using satire to help the people this era realize what they were doing was wrong.

The world is so complex, no one can possibly understand it. Agree or disagree

The world is so complex, no one can possibly understand it. Agree or disagree Nowadays, the world population is about 7 billion people and predicts that this figure will continue to grow rapidly in the next several years. While overpopulation, society must focus to human development, this leads to many negative consequences, including making the world more complicated. As a child, people have thought very simple but when they get older, they think all the more complicated. Likewise, for the poor, everything is simple but for the rich, everything is more complicated.Peppers Butternut squash tomato onions garlic dinn...In fact, this world is simply but the human heart is complicated. Ultimately, the human heart is simply, because there are so dominant benefit humans become more complex. For example, the political situation in many countries is now very unstable. There are many protests for multi-party government occurs in Thailand, many terrorist attacks or suicide bombings in the Middle East. Moreover, stress on the nuclear issue between the U.S. and North Kore a is interested.Furthermore, each person has a different preference. Therefore, today's developing technology to serve the purpose of each one. I hear many people say that they want a simpler life, but they make it simple as well as understand it, they make it more complicated. Many people believe that technology will help make things simpler so they constantly evolving technology. However, there is a truth they do not know that they are driven and controlled...

Agreement may not be necessary

Agreement may not be necessary Disclaimer: This work has been submitted by a student. This is not an example of the work produced by our Law Essay Writing Service . You can view samples of our professional work here . Agreement may not be necessary Every contract is an agreement but agreement may not necessary to be considered as contracts if the agreement does not made in lawful way. A binding contract consists of these four essentials which consist, an offer s.2(a) CA1950, an acceptance s.2(b) CA 1950, consideration s.2(d) CA1950, as well as intention to create legal relations (Adams 2010). On the other hand, (Ayus, 2009,page 197) defined an offer as â€Å"an ‘intimation’, by words or conduct, of a willingness to enter into a legally binding contract, and which in its terms expressly or impliedly indicates that it is to become binding on the offeror as soon as it has been accepted by an act, forbearance or return promise on the person to whom it is addressed†. However, based on the opinion given by Duxbury (1991), an acceptance may be defined as an unconditional assent, which communicated by the offeree to the offeror, to all terms of the offer, made with the intention of ac cepting. It should be noted here that a contract will not be binding unless the parties have expressed themselves with reasonable certainty. 1.0 Issue The issue of this question is about a sale of car for RM30, 000 that advertised in the local newspaper by Ah Chong, whether or not he has a contract with any of the three parties. This question is regarding offer and acceptance whereby offeror signifies his willingness to do something or not to do, with a view to obtaining the consent given from the offeree. 2.0 Law S.2(a) CA1950 defined offeror/proposal as stated in appendix. In unilateral contracts, the party who offers something to offeree/acceptor may not necessary to be an offeror, but an offeree which is stated in s.2(b) CA1950. A contract binds between offeror and offeree by completing communication of proposal, acceptance, and revocation that stated in s.4(1), s.4(2), and s.4(3) of CA1950 respectively. According to s.4(1) CA1950, it stated that: â€Å"the communication of a p roposal is complete when it comes to the knowledge of offeree†. In other word, proposal is effective upon its communication has been communicated to the offeree. When offeree reply his/her acceptance (by email, by post, by hand) to the offeror, there is an official contract exists between the both parties – s.4(2)(b) CA1950. In postal rule, the moment offeree posted his/her acceptance letter into postbox, the contract binds offeror provided that the letter has been placed into the hand of the relevant postal authorities – s.4(2)(a) CA1950. Acceptance must be made within a reasonable time embodied in s.6(b) CA1950. On the other hand, in situation whereby offeree posted an acceptance, it must be certain and fixed based on the condition given by the offeror since the offer contained the element of consideration [s.2(d) CA1950] by offeror and shall not be in the midst of negotiating or bargaining s.7(a) CA1950. Hence, a purported acceptance that is different from the stipulated in the offer would not be an acceptance in law and may end up to a counter-offer. (Nabi Baksh & Arujunan 2005)

Building Sector and Energy Consumption Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Building Sector and Energy Consumption - Essay Example From this essay it is clear tha the ‘average’ building implements materials with relatively low embodied energy and a limited amount of HVAC equipment. The energy ‘efficient’ building achieves an 80% reduction in heating energy demand and 40% reduction in cooling energy demand. The LCA shows how, even with a very significant reduction in operating energy consumption, the energy ‘efficient’ building may consume more energy than the ‘average’ one in relatively short life times if no care is taken about its embodied energy.This paper stresses that the effect of transportation energy requirement becomes also evident in this case, being the highest energy contribution for the ‘average’ building, and the second one, after the embodied energy, for the energy ‘efficient’ building. From a building energy point of view, these distributed urbanization schemes offer more chances for energy efficiency measures and appli cation of renewable energy technologies than centralized urbanization schemes. It is just through transportation energy requirements that sustainable building considerations interact with the higher structure sustainable urbanization approach.  Building energy assessment, extended to its design, construction, and useful life, allows for a proper quantification of the building's energy implications, and hence provides the basis for appropriate planning in the sector.  Energy regulation has a perceptive character, and its objective should be to establish and limit the upper bound for the buildings energy consumption.... ows how, even with a long analysis period (100 years), the energy 'efficient' building may consume more energy than the 'average' one if care is not taken about its EE. Evolution of accumulated energy consumption for two 150 m2 dwellings, an average one and another with pretensions of energy efficiency on basis of its reduced operating energy demand. (Laustsen, 2003) The results presented in Fig. 1 assumed a rather low increase in operational energy efficiency, but even with higher energy efficiency improvements we may find similar results with lower life cycle periods. The 'average' building implements materials with relatively low embodied energy and a limited amount of HVAC equipment. The energy 'efficient' building achieves an 80% reduction in heating energy demand and 40% reduction in cooling energy demand. The LCA shows how, even with a very significant reduction in operating energy consumption, the energy 'efficient' building may consume more energy than the 'average' one in relatively short life times if no care is taken about its embodied energy. Life cycle analysis for two 150 m2 dwellings, an average one and another with pretensions of energy efficiency on basis of its reduced operating energy demand, for a life time of 30 years. (Addis, 2002) The effect of transportation energy requirement becomes also evident in this case, being the highest energy contribution for the 'average' building, and the second one, after the embodied energy, for the energy 'efficient' building. From a building energy point of view, these distributed urbanization schemes offer more chances for energy efficiency measures and application of renewable energy technologies than centralized urbanization schemes. It is just through transportation energy requirements that sustainable

Human Resources Management Journal summary and analysis Research Paper

Human Resources Management Journal summary and analysis - Research Paper Example The article discusses that the mechanical failure was not attributed to the product design, onboard computers or faulty machines but the failure occurred due to the inefficiency of the employees. The employees failed to perform as per the expectations of the managers. Factors like improper training and faulty mechanization process were also the cause behind the product failure (Sullivan, 2010). The root cause of the error caused by employees, which led to the corporate catastrophe, could be the result of faulty human resource process. The employees at Toyota had received improper training for the particular assignment. Toyota follows the four step cycle which includes plan, do, check and act but clearly in this case the manager did not focus on the last two phases. The training to the employees was not effective and moreover the managers and the employees were not ready to take the accountability of the fault. Improper training and development can decrease the employee performance an d have a negative impact on the employee behaviour. The managers of the Toyota should have taken the accountability for the incident and conducted a review meeting with the employees responsible for the product design. If the managers of the company had taken responsibility and apologized publicly then the brand image would not have been tarnished to a large extent. The managers of Toyota should conduct a meeting with the car design team and the engineers of Toyota for their new car model. The management at Toyota should lay emphasis on two key elements like scrutiny of design and ensuring that the employees have thorough product knowledge. Article 2 Figure 2: Wal Mart Gender Biasedness Incident (Source: Biskupic, 2011) Summary The article focuses on the gender discrimination faced by the women employees working in Wal Mart. The women employees of USA had filed suit against the company in April, 2011 claiming that the management of the company promoted the male workers at a less sen iority position over the women employees at a senior position. The women employees even claimed that they were paid less and were denied promotions. It was also pointed out that the women employees were denied training which would help in advancement in their career (Biskupic, 2011). Analysis Discrimination by an employer on the basis of the gender is not only unlawful but promotes negative working environment. It is one of the crucial contemporary human resources challenges faced by most of the organizations. In the year 2004 it was claimed by an US district judge that there were disparities in the payment of the women and men employees working in WalMart. Gender discrimination not only promotes a negative and hostile work environment but also reduces the employee performance. WalMart should have clearly communicated the human resource policies designed for women employees and also addressed to their needs and demands. The management of WalMart should have implemented policies for the betterment of the women employees like prevention of discrimination at pay, sexual harassment and offensive behaviour (Lepak, 2009). Implementation and clear communication of the human resource policies for women would not only help the women employees to increase their organizational commitment but would also promote a congenial work

Article writing about corrlational stuies Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Writing about corrlational stuies - Article Example Patrowski. Substantially, the researcher bases on general assumptions regarding ESL students and thus, tries to establish its validity. Apprehensions regarding learners who use minority language are deemed to be limited in their studies due to the perceived language barrier. The problem therefore is that they are oftentimes stuck in furthering ESL courses instead of attaining an elevated comprehensive learning experience. They become in essence improperly restricted in their apposite learning process. The 271 students were selected as they were part of the ESL program at CUNY. Primarily, the researcher chose them for their inclusion in the program. Another important aspect was the availability of their records to the researcher as they are within the same academic institution. The information collected by the researcher includes their entrance exam scores which integrated their aptitude in math, reading and composition. It also incorporates their ‘persistence’ which involves how they perform academically together with their diligence in pursuing tertiary education. The subjects were chosen perceptibly for their significance in what the author is trying to establish. He also recognizes that its relevance may be fragmentary as it is only focused in one university but he still maintain that it is of import in terms of the issue the research is trying to attain. In particular this is also because of the variance that is palpable in today’s ‘ethnolinguistically diverse institutions.’ Students’ success were measured by (1) their CPA or their cumulative grade point averages through a grading system based in the usual â€Å"4 point† system wherein O=F and 4=A and (2) based on six criterion. Referred to as â€Å"SCS rating† this composed of; completing their courses on development, a 2.0 GPA or higher, finishing their freshman papers, gaining the required 6 units Core Curriculum, a minimum 50 credits and a 70% attempted

Case Study of Decision Making Planning, and General Organization

Case Study of Decision Making Planning, and General Organization Ryanair is one of the leading airline companies of Europe. This airline company is known for its low cost and high quality service. It operates more than 1,400 flights per day from 44 bases and 1100+ low fare routes across 27 countries, connecting 160 destinations (Ryanair-a, n.d.). This paper endeavours to analyse Ryanair, with special emphasis on situation analysis, decision making, planning and controlling process, leadership and organisational structure. This paper will conclude with some plausible recommendations on future growth and progress. Situational Analysis SWOT is a very helpful management tool for analysing the situation of a company. Ryanair was established in 1985, and despite its shortcomings it established a strong position in the market. Strengths Ryanair has developed a strong brand name in airline industry as a low cost service provider. Ryanair has been in the airline company since the last 25 years and has gained sufficient experience in it. Ryanair has developed its internet facilities and has made it an important selling point. This helps the company to eliminate the costs of agents. Ryanairs fleet includes aircrafts with high sitting capacity and low maintenance cost. Ryanairs services performance is of high standard with punctual fleet timing. Weakness To save cost, Ryanair charges its passengers for services like refreshments, wheelchair etc. It creates very impression among passengers about the company. It is not a preferred airline with the high class passengers. Opportunities The European Union market is expanding with time and most of the passengers prefer low fare for their air travel. Regions like North America and Asia have greater scope for low cost provider like Ryanair. Threats The existing airline companies are following strategies that lower the cost and hence competition within the industry is increasing with time. The oil market is a major supplier to airline business. In recent years, price of oil has increased significantly. The customers are becoming very price and service sensitive. Porters 5 Forces The bargaining power of suppliers is very high as the number of aircraft manufacturer and oil suppliers are very less in the market. Availability of proper airports is also very important for this industry. However, airports bargaining power is quite low as they depend on aircraft companies. The bargaining power of customers is very high as they have many airline service providers to choose from. The barrier entry of airline industry is quite high as it requires heavy investments and technical expertise. Airline is the fastest mode of transportation for overseas and long distance travel. No other substitute can match the service of airline industry. Competition among existing rival is the most import factor in this industry. The rivals are competing with each other for increasing their market share. In European Union, Lufthansa, Ryanair, Easy jet etc are leading airline companies. 3. Decision Making 3.1. Decision Making Process in Ryanair Ryanair provides low cost and high quality airline services to its customers. It places customer satisfaction above all other priorities. The decision making process is primarily centred on concerns regarding ways to provide higher customer services. Fleet planning, airline fare, fleet scheduling etc are some of the chief aspects of Ryanairs effective decision making process. 3.2. Decision Making Approach Decision making approach can be defined as strategic approached of an organisation. Ryanairs management team aims to follow rational decision making approach. The rational decision making approach is an ongoing and dynamic process. This approach helps to identify the underlying problems and to find relevant solutions (Kroon, 1995 p.187). For example, in 2004, when the company was passing through a financial crisis, rational decision making approach not only helped it to overcome it but also paved the path of growth. 3.3. Types of Problems and Decisions Making In Ryanair In 2004, Ryanair was one of the worst performers in FTSE Eurotop 300 index. During that period, competition in airline industry was very high in the European nations as many new companies entered the market. Despite the stiff competition, the company enjoyed a healthy growth rate till 2003. But the managements inability to understand and rectify the inherent weakness of its decision making process stunted its growth. 3.4. Decision-Making Conditions in Ryanair While framing the strategic move for any decision making process; Ryanairs first priority will be to analyse the elements of external competition. The European airline industry is crowded with many leading companies like Lufthansa, Virgin, Aer Lingus, and British Airway etc. Consumers needs are also very important for Ryanairs decision-making. Prior to 2003, the companys concern for customer service was very low, except the low fare advantages. 3.5. Decision-Making Styles The decision making style of Ryanairs management team seems to be affected by different factors. However, the decision making methods are quite flexible. After analysing its rapid growth during 2002-2003, it can be claimed that it focuses on short term objective rather than long term goals. Creativity is another major feature of its decision making style. 3.6. Decision- Making Biases and Errors Ryanairs temporary fall during 2004 brought into fore many drawbacks of its decision making process. Robbins has identified some unexplained prejudices and errors of decision making like biases relating to overconfidence, anchoring, confirmation, availability, escalation of commitment etc (Robbins, 2009, p.126). Ryanairs decision was affected by two major biases i.e. anchoring biases and status quo biasness. Its decision making was based on the past success that failed to take in to account unfavourable macro-economic conditions resulting from 9/11 attack on WTC. 4. Planning 4.1Vision and Mission Statement Vision and mission statements help an organisation to prepare a roadmap for its operational activities. Ryanairs official website does not have the vision and mission statement of the company. However, the public statements of Michael OLeary and other higher executive member of Ryanair indicate that it aims to achieve growth and success by being the lowest cost provider in airline industry (Box and Kent, 2007). 4.2. Purposes of Planning In general, the purpose of planning is to bring effectiveness and efficiency in the operational activities of a business. The implied mission and vision of Ryanairs clearly states its purposes of planning. To counter the increasing competition, the company has decided to follow low cost strategy. Hence, its planning is designed after taking into consideration this objective. 4.3 Planning And Performances in Ryanair According to Riezebos, planning is a very crucial element of operational activity that affects the performance level (Riezebos, 2001, p.12). Planning is one of the major tools of motivating participants to achieve the common organisational goal. Due to rational decision making approach, the company is able to plan its operational and strategic activities properly. Ryanair is able to achieve its target with the help of an efficient planning process. 4.4 Types of Goals in Ryanair The primary goal of Ryanair is to become the lowest cost airline service provider in Europe. The idea of offering low fare proved successful for the company. However, initially it failed to understand the necessity of good service for customer. Currently, the company is committed to provide lower fare, high quality service and punctual air schedule (Ryanair-b, n.d.). 4.5 Types of Plans in Ryanair Ryanairs decision making process follows rational approach and it also follows rational model for its planning process. Basically, planning can be divided as short term goal and long term goal. The companys management team was concerned only with the short term goal. The company often changes its plan as per the requirements of the market. In 2002, the companys plan was to provide low cost fare and after 2004, its planning process also took note of service quality. 4.6 Contingency Factors in Planning Ryanair faces three major contingency factors. Firstly, the organisational level affects the operational planning of middle and low level managers. Secondly, the uncertainty of macro-environmental or other external factors affects the planning process. Therefore, Ryanair aims to develop a flexible planning system. Thirdly, the long and short term objectives of Ryanair affect its planning process. The company always tries to concentrate on its current objective. 4.7 Objectives The primary objective of Ryanair is to attain cost leadership in European airline market. However, to achieve this objective, the company needs to concentrate on other long term goal. These include increasing its operational activities to enter new markets like North America, developing customer centred business model and increasing the use of internet as a major selling point (OCuilleanain et al, 2004). 4.8 Management by Objectives (MBO) Management by objective (MBO) approach of management leads to increase in the performance of organisation. MBO is a result-oriented, non-specialized managerial process for the effective utilization of organisational resources by integrating individuals with the organisation and the organisation with the environment (Goyal, 2005, p.304). During 2004, in order to overcome its crisis situation, the company introduced MBO approach to improve its performance. 4.9 Strategic Management Process Ryanairs strategic management process is based on its objective of achieving cost leadership in European airline industry. The company has improved its positioning by implementing proper strategic management process. The key elements of its strategic management include low fares, high frequency of point-to-point flight within short routes, proper route choice, reduction in operating cost, increase the internet use for selling, maintenance of safely and high quality service etc (OCuilleanain et al, 2004) 5. Organising 5.1 Organisation Structure and Design: Proper organisational structure and design helps to develop efficient management performance. There are four elements of organisation structure and these are departmentalisation, span of control, centralization and formalization. Appendix 1 depicts the organisation structure of Ryanair. Michael OLeary is the CEO of the company and there are seven Directors and a Chairman. For each department like customer services, finance, HR etc, there are individual head management personnel having a team. 5.2 Chain of Command The Chain of command in Ryanair is based on its organisational structure. The appendix 1 portrays that the CEO is the chief person of command of the organisation. However, the decision making process in Ryanair includes all the senior managers of each department. To maintain high level of transparency and to develop two-way communication system in cross functional departments, the chain of command is very essential. 5.3 Span of Control The span of control in Ryanair is effective and helps to maintain a sound organisational growth. The span of control of the CEO Michael OLeary is the highest and most effective. As per appendix 1, the entire department is required to report on the ongoing activities to the CEO. The CEO along with the Directors and Chairman is responsible for making the final decisions of the organisation. However, for better planning and implementation, the employees should be involved in the decision making process. 5.4 Centralization and Decentralization The decision of centralization or decentralization depends on the nature and expansion of business. Ryanair is a multinational company having different units in European countries and North America. For the airline industry, decentralization is more preferred over centralization. However, Ryanair follows a centralized organisational model. Decentralization of organisation will help it to compete with the major competitors of different markets. 5.5 Mechanistic and Organic organization The mechanistic organisations are those having a well defined hierarchy. Ryanair has a centralized organisational structure and it is an example of mechanistic organisation. Appendix 2 shows the major difference between the mechanistic and organic organisation. The company has been very strict in maintaining its relationship with the employees. However, such organisational structure of Ryanair creates biases and errors in decision making process. 5.6 Contingency Factors There are many factors that affect the organisational structure of a company. The industry trend, the growth structure, the social and demographic characteristics of employee customers and vision and mission of the company etc are the major contingency factors that help in designing the organisational structure. The leadership quality of the higher management also affects the organisational structure. The organisational structure of Ryanair is also affected by external competition and its leadership style. 5.7 Job Characteristics Model One of the primary objectives of Ryanair is to provide high customer services and in this respect the employees are the most important resource. In order to enrich the quality of job, the company motivates its employees to achieve the common organisational goal i.e. growth. The company aim to offer competitive salaries with excellent benefits that are simple and easy to understand (Ryanair-c, n.d.). 6. Leadership The leadership style is an important influencing factor organisational growth and success. The major leadership skills of Ryanairs management focus on the low cost fare for airline. The fleet of Ryanair includes single-class aircraft that increases the seating capacity. However, the leadership skills of Ryanair have led to its success of 2002-2003 and failure of 2004. The leadership in Ryanair strives to focus on position, seniority and authority. Control 7.1 Control Process The control process is the key element for Ryanair as it wants to achieve the lowest cost leadership. In order to facilitate effective and efficient control system, employees must be properly organized. Ryanair has developed proper system for regulating the control process by managing its employees. 7.2 Types of Control Ryanair strategic moves and policies control various aspect of the organisation. Firstly, cost controlling activity is the major criteria for low cost fare airline and it includes labour cost, marketing cost, airport charges. It also reduces the service cost by controlling many activities. For example, in 2003, it did not offer meals of refreshments to passengers who faced delays (O Higgins, 2004,). 7.3 Managerial Approaches to Implement Controls Ryanairs management team approach for implementation of control, strives to bring down the financial expenses. However, proper organisation culture and operational activities are also very important to improve its service qualities. Fleet control and market control are necessary for achieving the competitive strategy. The market control managerial approach of Ryanair involves the comparison of profit and expenses with that of its competitors. 7.4 Management Information System For establishing better management system, Ryanair has brought technological advancement in its organisations non-operational activities. For example, it has developed its website for using it as a major selling point. The increasing use of internet has made the managerial activity more efficient. At present, the company is aiming to achieve 100% internet ticket booking. Contingency Factors in Control Like the decision making process, controlling activity of an organisation is affected by uncertainty of macro-economic factors and the cultural and social characteristics of employees. In the airline industry, the major contingency factor is the competition and conflicts related to organisational objectives. Ryanairs management aims to avoid these contingencies factors related to employees by rewarding them for their efforts. 7.6 Corporate Governance Ryanair is listed on London and Irish Stock Exchanges in Europe. The company is responsible for following proper business ethics and compliance as per the corporate governance. The entire management teams including the Directors and CEO are committed to maintain the standard corporate governance. Its business policy clearly defines the role of Directors and other members in meeting its corporate responsibility. Balanced Scorecard Balanced score card is the most popular management tool used by organisations. Ryanairs strategic management system can be explained with balanced score card. To bring efficiency in its operational activities, Ryanair concentrates of four major areas i.e. finance, customer, business process and learning and growth. 8.1 Benchmarking To achieve the objective of becoming the lowest cost provider in the European airline industry, Ryanair has set its benchmark for cost controlling activities. At present, it is the lowest cost provider in the industry and hence, it has developed its own benchmark. For example, in 2003, the company reduced its cost for wheelchairs services by bringing a third party wheelchair suppliers who charged passengers for supplying wheelchairs. 8.2 Value Chain The value chain of the company strives to provide the lowest fare possible. Appendix 4 portrays the value chain which includes other important aspects of the airline industry. To develop a cost effective operational process, the company has combined its balanced score card, benchmarking and value chain. RECOMMENDATIONS To ensure success, Ryanair must bring some changes in its management and business model. Some of the useful recommendations are given below. It must focus on its services to meet the passengers minimum expectation. The company should include the employees in the decision making process. As many other rivals are also following low cost strategy, Ryanair can bring certain innovations in its service process. Internal communication should be encouraged for better transparency and motivation. It should develop its public image by increasing corporate social activities. For maintaining low cost fare, it should emphasise on the financial aspects. 10. Reference Box, T. M. and Kent, B. 2007. Ryanair (2005): Successful Low Cost Leadership. [Online]. Available at: http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa5452/is_200705/ai_n21289700/pg_2/. [Accessed on November 03, 2010]. Goyal, R. C. 2005. Hospital Administration and Human Resource Management. 4th Edition. PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd. Hellriegel, D. and Slocum, J. W. 2007. Organizational behaviour. 11th Edition. Cengage Learning. Kroon, J. 1995. General Management. 2nd Edition. Pearson South Africa. OCuilleanain, E. S. et al, 2004. Ryanair Plc. [Pdf]. Available at: http://dev.ulb.ac.be/cours/alle/PDF/BuspPresRyanair04.pdf. [Accessed on November 03, 2010]. O Higgins, E, 2004, Case Study Ryanair. Riezebos, 2001. Design of a period batch control planning system for cellular manufacturing. University of Groningen. Robbins, S. P. 2009. Organisational behaviour: global and Southern African perspectives. 2nd Edition. Pearson South Africa. Ryanair-a. No Date. About Us: History of Ryanair. [Online]. Available at: http://www.ryanair.com/en/about. [Accessed on November 03, 2010]. Ryanair-b. No date. About Us: Passenger Charter. [Online]. Available at: http://www.ryanair.com/en/about/passenger-charter. [Accessed on November 03, 2010]. Ryanair-c. No date. Careers. [Online]. Available at: http://www.ryanair.com/en/careers/working-for-ryanair. [Accessed on November 03, 2010]. The Official Board. September 15, 2010. Ryanair. [Online]. Available at: http://www.theofficialboard.com/org-chart/ryanair-holdings. [Accessed on November 03, 2010]. The Performance Institute. 2009. Balanced Scorecard. [Online]. Available at: http://www.performanceweb.org/events/training/program-performance/sub7/. [Accessed on November 03, 2010]. Jack Baskin School of Engineering. No date. Airline Industry Analysis. [Ppt]. Available at: http://www.soe.ucsc.edu/classes/ism158/Winter03/istcch04.ppt. [Accessed on November 03, 2010].

A Tale Of Two Cites :: essays research papers

A Tale Of Two Cities A Tale of Two Cities Throughout the novel A Tale of Two Cities, Charles Dickens creates suspense and mystery to try to keep his readers interested. This technique might have worked for 19th century people with nothing better to read, but it doesn’t stack up nowadays. You can paint this anyway you want but what it all comes down to is that no 20th century person with any kind of attention span wants to read a 400 page book with one dimensional characters and an unbelievable storyline. But, Dickens’s original audience couldn’t get enough of the novel’s intricate plot filled with suspense and mystery. To get the novel this suspense and mystery, Dickens’s divides his story into episodes, allows his characters to be general, and uses the theme of doubles. The most obviously way that Dickens’s creates suspense is through his use of cliffhanger-like episodes. I can’t exactly call it clever, but Dickens’s ends a chapter with unanswered questions and loose ends. This little scheme might work for television shows in which the viewer has a whole week between episodes to think about possible outcomes, but it doesn’t have the same effect when it only takes half of a second to turn the page and read further. Dickens tries to create mystery by having his characters as broad as possible so that readers can make up their own opinions and possibilities. Almost all of Dickens’s characters are basically good or basically evil. We are supposed to care about the "good" characters but they’re so boring that their "goodness" loses it’s charm. For example, Lucie and Charles. Lucie is describes as being basically perfect in every way. She’s young, wholesome, and beautiful, of course. There’s no such thing as a good woman that wasn’t beautiful in fiction. Charles is a rich aristocrat, and we’re supposed to believe that he’s good and really noble because he didn’t want to kill people and he married the other "good" character. Please. Do you think that Charles would have given Lucie a chance is she looked like the rest of us even though she was so good-hearted? Of course not, but that’s what we are supposed to believe. Lucie and Charles are so stereotyped and boring that Dickens’s should have named them "Snore" and "Snooze." Dickens’s under developed characters lets readers wonder about what they are really like and what they’ll do next.

Attendance Monitoring with Payroll System

ATTENDANCE MONITORING WITH PAYROLL SYSTEM FOR CYCLEMAR CALOOCAN CORPORATION A System Analysis and Design Project Presented to Quezon City Polytechnic University San Bartolome In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Science in Information Technology by: Tahum, Marilyn T. Desuyo, Gilbert D. Co, Joseph Darwin C. Lim, Tom Angel L. Professor : Mary Joy D. Vinas Professor : Elimar Ravina October 2011 SAD COORDINATOR AND IS’s HEAD ACCEPTANCE SHEET This System Analysis and Design Project entitled ATTENDANCE MONITORING WITH PAYROLL SYSTEM FOR CYCLEMAR CALOOCAN CORPORATION After having been recommended and approved is hereby accepted by the Information technology Department of Quezon City Polytechnic University – San Bartolome ______________________ Ms. Lorena A. Tayamora SAD Coordinator ______________________ Ms. Maria Aura Impang IS Head October 3, 2011 PANEL’S APPROVAL SHEET This System Analysis and Design Project entitled ATTENDANCE MONITORING WITH PAYROLL SYSTEM FOR CYCLEMAR CALOOCAN CORPORATION developed by: Desuyo, Gilbert D. Co, Joseph Darwin C. Lim, Tom Angel L. Tahum, Marilyn T. after having been presented is hereby approved y the following members of the panel _____________________________________ Panelist Panelist October 3, 2011 October 3, 2011 ______________________ Lead Panelist October 3, 2011 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Above all, the proponents would like to thank the ever loving God for giving them the wisdom and patience to finish this research. The researchers would like to express their sincerest gratitude to their parents for t heir untiring support emotionally and financially. The proponents are also thankful to Professor Mary Joy D. Vinas for editing the first, second and third chapters of this research. Special thanks to their parents, and friends who supported them. The proponents would like to extend their appreciation to Cyclemar Caloocan Corporation who willingly cooperates for the said study. To their classmates who have given full support and assurance, thank you for your time and effort. To all the people who have been the instruments for the accomplishment of this research, thank you very much!!! ABSTRACT Title:â€Å"ATTENDANCE MONITORING WITH PAYROLL SYSTEM† Proponents: GILBERT D. DESUYO JOSEPH DARWIN C. CO TOM ANGEL L. LIM MARILYN TAHUM Professor: Prof. Mary Joy Daniel Vinas Prof. Elimar Ravina Degree: Bachelor of Science in Information Technology Date Completed: October 2011 Statement of the Problem The CYCLEMAR CALOOCAN CORPORATION is a company located at 10th avenue Caloocan City. By conducting a company visit and interviews, the proponents found out that the company uses a Bundy clock in their attendance monitoring and using a manual process for the payroll. A problem that is observed using the manual system is the waste of time or the speed of the process in each payslip. Another problem is a secure place for record. From used time cards and payslips, the company’s staffs use ledgers for the transactions. As a solution to this, the proponents proposed a computerized system to be evaluated by Cyclemar. The proponents believe that the computerized system can give solution to their problems. Through computerization, these monitoring can be processed with increased speed, since their sheer volume would easily overwhelm any manual system. In developing the system, the proponents have gathered the knowledge, software and hardware requirements that are necessary for the evaluation of the computerized system. In the end of the study, the proponents expect good results at the end of the evaluation. Hypothesis There is significant difference between the proposed and the existing system in terms of accuracy, effectiveness, reliability, security and speed. Methodology The proponents used questionnaires for the gathering of data needed in determining the problems met by the employees of the Cyclemar Caloocan Corporation. Informal interview, observations and actual experiences of one of the proponents were also included in constructing the questionnaire. The questionnaire consisted of criteria that measure the manual system in terms of accuracy, effectiveness, reliability, security and speed. The first draft of the questionnaire was submitted to the professor of the proponents for corrections and suggestions. After the validity and reliability of the questionnaire has been established, the investigators then sought the approval of their Professor as well as the Manager of the Cyclemar Caloocan Corporation to allow them to conduct the study. After the approval of these authorities, the proponents’ administered the questionnaires. By the time the survey questionnaires were answered by the respondents, the proponents had gathered before the results were tallied for evaluation and interpretation. The employees of Cyclemar Caloocan Corporation were the respondents of this study. In finding out the problems, the employees and regular members were the source of data. On the other hand, the employees were the ones to evaluate the performance of the existing and the proposed system. Findings The findings of this study are presented as follows: 1. The proponents found out that the following features should be included in the proposed system to design a system that can provide information repository for the Attendance Monitoring and Accounting transactions in a computerized format, and that is capable of adding, computing, editing, deleting employees, searching records and generating reports: a. Easy access buttons b. Search bars c. Graphic for the interface d. Summary/history of the payroll transactions e. Generated reports f. Automatic computation g. Different level of access h. Error messages for wrong inputs i. Restoration of database j. Back-up for database k. Shortcut keys l. Database for username and password 2. The proponents found out that 100% of the employees believed that automatic computation and search bars should be included in the system to eliminate the burden in payroll transactions and in searching and retrieving employee’s records. Second to the most needed features for the proposed system is the automatic computation in which accurate result will be computed in a short period of time. Additionally the proponents found out that there is no significant difference between the proposed and the existing system in terms of accuracy, effectiveness, reliability, security and speed. The computed t-value of the proposed and existing system generally is greater than the critical value; hence the null hypothesis is rejected. Conclusions The proponents conclude that the most common problem of the company is the speed for which 27% of the employees believed that the system is speedy or 73% believed that the existing system does cause frequent delays in the company’s payroll transactions. In the proposed system in which the employees were the evaluator in terms of the five criteria stated above, the arithmetic weighted mean of speed increases from 2. 15 or â€Å"fair† in the existing system to 4. 2 or â€Å"excellent† in the proposed system. It shows that the proposed system will help the employees to handle membership application; savings deposit transaction, withdrawal of savings transaction, loan approval transaction, and loan release and loan payment in a speedy way. Recommendations Based on the findings and conclusion derived from this study, the proponents post the following recommendations: 1. The Attendance Monitoring with Payroll system of Cyclemar Caloocan Corporation will be implemented in the company so that the time-consuming and complex log-in/log-out of the employees will be simplified and speedy. . Digital signatures such as bar code reader will be used to determine the employee’s identity. 3. The payroll of the employees in the Accounting section will be included in the system. TABLE OF CONTENTS Title Page †¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ i Acceptance Sheet†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ii Approval Sheet†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦iii Dedication †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ iv Acknowledgement †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚ ¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. vi Abstract†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. vii List of Tables†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦xii List of Figures†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. xiv CHAPTER I. THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND Background of the Study1 Organizational Directory 1. Organizational Chart2 2. Duties and Responsibility3 Objectives of the Study 10 1. General Objectives10 2. Specific Objectives10 Significance of the Study11 Scope and Limitation13 Scopeof the Study13 Limitations of the Study13 Definition of Terms 14 CHAPTER IIREVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES Foreign and Local Literature16 Foreign and Local Studies18 Methodology of the Study20 1. Theoretical Framework22 2. Conceptual Framework24 CHAPTER IIISYSTEM PLANNINGA. Description of the Existing System27 1. Context Diagram27 2. DFD Diagram28 B. Problem Definition30 1. Problem Description30 2. Anticipated Business Benefits30 3. System Capabilities31 C. Project Feasibility32 1. Project Development Cost32 2. Cost – Benefit Analysis33 a. Existing System33 b. Proposed System37 CHAPTER IVSYSTEM ANALYSISA. Information Gathering Tools and Techniques41 1. Questionnaire41 2. Interview Guide41 B. Description of the Proposed System42 C. System Requirement Model421. Event Table42 2. Context Diagram/DFD Diagram/Use Case Diagram43 3. System Flowchart/Activity Diagram/Sequence Diagram45 4. Location Diagram50 CHAPTER VSYSTEM DESIGN A. Systems Design Models51 1. Screen Layout51 2. Report Layout55 B. Database Design56 1. Table Description in Normalized Form56 2. Table Relationships/Entity Relationship Diagram57 3. Data Structure58 4. Data Dictionary60 CHAPTER VIRECOMMENDATIONConclusion 62 Justification63 APPENDIX Project Schedule and Work Assignment / Gantt ChartA CertificationsB Transcript of InterviewC Survey Forms/ QuestionnairesD Sample Forms and ReportsE Screen Design F .User’s ManualG Program ListingH Floor Plan / Network LayoutI On Field PhotographJ BIBLIOGRAPHY PERSONAL VITAE CHAPTER  I THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND Background of the Study Cyclemar Caloocan Corporation has a current system that is accessible to all employees. Which found out that Bundy clock is used to monitor their employee’s attendance and for their payroll. The system cannot provide the convenience because of lack of organize records. The system is also not reliable for departments because it is not updated and possible to loss of data. Mr. Romeo Bautista is the owner of Cyclemar Caloocan Corporation located at 336 10th Avenue Grace Park Caloocan City. In 1962, Mr. Bautista started a business by selling of bicycles and spare parts with a few employees then, the number of employees increased up to present date with multiple numbers of employees and five (5) departments. In 1969, the company started selling motorcycles and spare parts, and then in 1985, they built motorcycle units with spare parts. This is the place where you can buy genuine, OEM and replacement parts for Kawasaki, Yamaha, Suzuki, Honda, China and Taiwan motorcycles and scooters and wide and secured space for repairs and installment of accessories for your motorcycle and/or scooter. They also are accepting wholesale and retail of motorcycle spare parts. And now they are looking forward to become one of the Philippines’ leading suppliers of bikes and motorcycle. Currently, the company is successful since its establishment in 1962. Organizational directory 1. Organizational Chart Figure 1. 1 Organizational chart 2. Duties and Responsibility Accountant †¢ Prepare profit and loss statements and monthly closing and cost accounting reports. †¢ Compile and analyze financial information to prepare entries to accounts, such as general ledger accounts, and document business transactions. Establish, maintain, and coordinate the implementation of accounting and accounting control procedures. †¢ Analyze and review budgets and expenditures for local, state, federal, and private funding, contracts, and grants. †¢ Monitor and review accounting and related system reports for accuracy and completeness. †¢ Prepare and review budget, revenue, expense , payroll entries, invoices, and other accounting documents. †¢ Analyze revenue and expenditure trends and recommend appropriate budget levels, and ensure expenditure control. †¢ Explain billing invoices and accounting policies to staff, vendors and clients. Resolve accounting discrepancies. †¢ Recommend, develop and maintain financial data bases, computer software systems and manual filing systems. †¢ Supervise the input and handling of financial data and reports for the company's automated financial systems. †¢ Interact with internal and external auditors in completing audits. †¢ Other duties as assigned Human Resource Management †¢Employment and Recruiting: Interviewing, recruiting, testing, temporary labor coordination. †¢Training and Development Orientation, performance management, skills training, productivity enhancement. †¢Compensation Wage and salary administration, job descriptions, executive compensation, incentive pay, job evaluation. †¢Benefits Insurance, vacation leave administration, retirement plans, profit sharing, stock plans. †¢Employee Services Employee assistance programs, relocation services, outplacement services. †¢Employee and Community Relations Attitude surveys, labor relations, publications, labor law compliance, discipline †¢Personnel Records Information system records. †¢Health and Safety Safety inspection, drug testing, health, and wellness. †¢Strategic Planning International human resources, forecasting, planning, mergers and acquisitions. Sales Executive Maintain Market Awareness †¢ In order to tailor their sales pitches, sales executives need to keep abreast of changes in the market that impact their target audience. They must understand dips and rises in demand for clients' products, lifetime and wear of machinery, and changes in the stock market that may hinder sales. In addition, they should be aware of the sales strategies of competitors, both for their business and their clients' businesses. The more alert a sales executive is, the more accurately the needs of customers are targeted and new market opportunities identified. Meet a Bottom Line †¢ Most sales executives have quarterly and annual sales goals that they strive to meet throughout the year. To do so, they attempt to convince existing clients to increase their purchases from the company–a process which is called â€Å"upselling†Ã¢â‚¬â€œor search for new clients. Often, sales executives operate on the idea that it takes less effort to retain current customers than to find new ones, and, therefore, focus their energy on upselling. Maintain Relationships †¢ A sales executive is often a master of relationships with clients, vendors and employees. A good relationship can lead to new sales leads, increased purchasing and referrals. Sales executives put a great deal of time and energy into creating and nurturing their relationships, and make a point to offer value and opportunity wherever possible. Manage a Territory †¢ Depending on the nature of a business, a sales executive may be responsible for taking care of clients in a geographic region and be the person called with problems. Managing a specific sales territory often involves travel to meet with customers and suppliers to ensure that operations are smooth and to reinforce the strength of the relationship. Negotiate Contracts †¢ For ongoing projects or large orders, a sales executive is responsible for negotiating the terms of the sale and drawing up a contract. This ensures that both parties understand what is and is not included in the order and protects against liability. In the sale of equipment, for example, a sales executive may negotiate prices for the setup, installation and testing, in addition to the initial purchase. Retail Salesmen Sales †¢ Retail salesmen often make sales presentations to customers. They may show customers a variety of products and explain the features and benefits of each, to help the customer make an informed decision about a purchase. They also inform the customer of any sales or promotions that are currently underway or happening in the near future. Once the customer makes a decision, the salesman may also process the transaction. Customer Service †¢ Retail salesmen assist customers in locating store merchandise and handling product returns. Some salesmen may customize a product to meet a customer's needs, such as in a men's clothing store, where a salesman measures a customer for a suit fitting. They may also assist customers by carrying large items, like televisions, to their cars. Merchandising †¢ When there are no customers in their department or in the store, salesmen may perform merchandising functions. This includes building product displays and rearranging products on the shelf in accordance with a predetermined layout, known as a planogram. They may also change pricing on sales and promotional items. Store Operations †¢ In some retail establishments the salesmen will be responsible for opening or closing a store. If opening a store, the salesman must arrive in advance of the opening time to ensure that the store is ready for the day's customers. When closing, duties may include reconciling cash registers and taking the day's cash receipts to the bank for deposit. Management Functions †¢ Some salesmen may also have the responsibility of managing a department in addition to their sales duties. This can involve ordering merchandise, making work schedules and supervising the activities of other salesmen. Department managers are usually held accountable for the profitability of their departments in addition to making sales. Maintenance Manager †¢ Build a well-operated maintenance team. †¢ Assist and supervise maintenance team to handle all maintenance works. †¢ Maintain and manage highly automated office equipment. †¢ Maintain efficiency levels. †¢ Prepare maintenance budget. †¢ Initiate spare parts planning and second sourcing. †¢ Support staff and personnel to improve output achievements. †¢ Review and evaluate maintenance operations. †¢ Improvise maintenance operations to save on costs and work time. †¢ Implement best practices, standards and procedures in all maintenance functionalities. Office Staff Capable of handling day to day office work like filing, bank related work, other domestic work. †¢ Assisting in office chores †¢ Co-coordinating with vendors. Maintenance Staff Background †¢ Though specialists can develop expertise in only one trade like carpentry or plumbing, maintenance workers must be skilled in several crafts so that t hey can work on all problems that develop in a business. Duties †¢ Maintenance workers repair and maintain machines, diagnose and repair electrical or plumbing problems, paint and fix the facility structure, and adjust computer, heating or cooling systems. Objectives of the Study 1. General Objective †¢ The main objective of the study is to enhance the attendance monitoring system using a barcode scanner that will improve the daily attendance as well as salary process of each employee efficient. 2. Specific Objectives †¢ The study aims to have user maintenance that will secure the system towards the non-trusted personnel or those people outside the office. †¢ The study aims to create a difference from their current when it comes to the design. †¢ The study aims to strengthen a module for attendance monitoring of the employees. The study aims to developed efficiently salary of each employee †¢ The study aims to create a module that will give a summarize list of report of the payroll of the employees. Significance of the Study This study will have significant effort in promoting the good work environment in workplace and motivations of its employees. This will become beneficial to the employer and employee in str ategic management. By understanding the attendance monitoring and benefits of payroll processing, this research will be assured of a competitive advantage. Moreover, this study will be helpful to the management and business practitioners in training and informing them in the area of human resources management, objectives, and strategies. It will also serve as a future reference for researchers on the subject of human resources and corporate companies. And importantly, this research will educate employee in deciding on whether an industry e. g. business industry is really fulfilling its responsibility to the community or is just showing off to promote the management. COMPANY After the implementation, the system will be able to meet all the need of the company regarding the attendance monitoring and payroll process made in the company. It also provides efficient ways on the employees’ record. MANAGEMENT Regarding the attendance monitoring with payroll made in the company, the management will also be benefited when it comes to managing and manipulating payroll process. It also provides reports that will help the management to view all records of the employee study made inside. PERSONNEL Personnel and staff/employee will be the only that is most important because they are the one who will used and focus the system. They will have a clear understanding about the system because of the clear and appropriate design made by the proponents. They will also have a convenient and easy monitoring of Daily Time Record (DTR) of the employees. PROPONENTS This project helps the proponent to enhance their technical skills, communication skills, project management skills, interpersonal skills and also in programming skills. Aside from that, the proponent will have a better understanding regarding the attendance monitoring with payroll system by the management. Scope and Limitation Scope of the study This study â€Å"Attendance Monitoring with Payroll System† will enhance the capability of the attendance in Cyclemar Corporation by changing from Bundy clock to Bar code reader monitoring device of the employee for making efficient payroll system. It includes the features that can Add Employees record, Edit Employees information, Delete Employees record, print / Save the Pay Slip of each employee and Updating Employees information as well as the Weekly Salary, Cash advance, the rate per day, overtime, Gross payment, Net pay, and Deduction such as withholding tax and SSS, adding up with a log-in log-out process for security purpose. Limitation of the study The study, â€Å"Attendance Monitoring with Payroll System† does not cover the attendance of executive staff such as the Owner, trainees and security staff such as the security guard due to the company pays them through a security agency. Also the study does not cover the sales and inventory of the company and the Accounting department will only use the system for the salaries and wages of the employees and other accounting functions are not covered. Also the HR department will only use to check and verify the attendance of the employees and does not cover the other functions of the HR such as hiring new employees. /Definition of Terms Attendance: the number of employees present Barcode reader:   Is an electronic device for reading printed  barcodes. Like a  flatbed scanner, it consists of a light source, a lens and a light sensor translating optical impulses into electrical ones. Additionally, nearly all barcode readers contain  decoder  circuitry analyzing the barcode's image data provided by the sensor and sending the barcode's content to the scanner's utput port. Bundy Clock: A time clock, sometimes known as a clock card machine or punch clock or time recorder. Computer software: Is the collection of computer programs and related data that provide the instructions telling a computer what to do. Database:   Is an organized collection of  data  for one or more purposes, usually in digital form. The data are typi cally organized to model relevant aspects of reality. DTR: Daily Time Record list of the log-in / log-out record of the employee. Employee: A person in the service of another under any contract of hire, express or implied, oral or written, where the employer has the power or right to control and direct the employee in the material details of how the work is to be performed. Lilo: Log-in and Log-out. Operating system (OS): Is a set of system software programs in a computer that regulate the ways application software programs use the computer hardware and the ways that users control the computer. Original equipment manufacturer (OEM): Refers to the company that originally manufactured the product. When referring to automotive parts, OEM designates a replacement part made by the manufacturer of the original part. Pay slip:   Is traditionally a paper document (a  cheque) issued by an  employer  to  pay  an employee  for services rendered. In recent times, the physical paycheck has been increasingly replaced by electronic  direct deposit  to bank accounts. Such employees may still receive a pay slip, but any attached cheque is marked as  non-negotiable  and cannot be cashed. Payroll:   Is the sum of all  financial  records of  salaries  for an employee,  wages, bonuses and  deductions. In accounting, payroll refers to the amount paid to employees for services they provided during a certain period of time. SQL: (Structured Query Language) is a  programming language  designed for managing data in  relational database management systems  (RDBMS). System: a system of elements that cross in the manner of threads in a net that are related or connected may fluctuate in quantity and value. System Development Life Cycle (SDLC): Is the process of creating or altering systems, and the models and methodologies that people use to develop of these systems. Visual Basic . NET (VB. NET): Is a version of Microsoft's Visual Basic that was designed, as part of the company's . NET product group, to make Web services applications easier to develop. CHAPTER  II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES Foreign and Local Literature Foreign Literature According to Primer (2005), for many businesses automating the collecting of employee attendance data when employees begin their shifts is still a manual  process. Even business that has automated or computerized processes such as scheduling, inventory, purchasing, general ledger and payroll processing still use manual methods such as time cards or attendance sheets to collect time and attendance data. NOVAtime (2007), the system that will give management the power to not only utilize the tools we have available to us today, but will continue to grow and evolve, giving it the capability to incorporate and utilize the tools the new millennium promises to bring us. NOVAtime has brought a system designed for growth while maintaining the maximum in flexibility. Where the sophistication lies within the programmed mechanism of the system, allowing for a quick and simple implementation and employee training cycle. After all the true test of a system is not only in the production and wealth of  reporting, but in the simplicity and ease of its operation, in conjunction with a simple and accommodating implementation program. Local Literature Aquilan (2004) made a comparable thesis on the automation of time attendance that records the time in and time out of every employee using barcode system. It tends to eliminate the manual recording system of time and attendance and also include salary computation of each employee based on the time and attendance reports. Ramon Faloran (2005) wrote in the article â€Å"The Computer Edge of the New Employment and Opportunities â€Å"in the Philippine Daily Inquirer. He stated that computer gives you a different feeling about what is happening in the company. Business will be highly competitive and innovative because the computer provides instant information. Cantoma (2004) in her thesis entitled â€Å"Computer Library System for St. James Academy† stated that, in manual system in retrieving, maintaining security and piling records take place because of the years gone by. Furthermore, these files were only kept in envelopes and folders in wooden rocks. There are also instances when the right information is given to a wrong person, which affect quality of service. Foreign and Local Studies Foreign Study Columbia State Community College (2006) uses computer identification account (Log In Name and Password) for access to the institutions computer usage logs occurs electrically through the individual users log in/out process. Users are also informed that they are responsible for any computer file’s, database and/or  internet sites that are accessed through their computer identification account, notwithstanding their failure to adhere to the log in/out process, on their voluntary  publication of their account information to others. Local Studies Mendrez (2007) made a similar study for Vision Designer Inc. It has an identification machine aimed at verifying a person entering through the swiping of  identification cards. After entering their given code number, the identification cards are swiped in the machines card reader to trigger the verification. If access granted, the micro switch will then automatically unlock to allow enter. This will help a lot in monitoring attendances accurately and more precise. A group of computer engineers in Rebisco Biscuits Corporation proposed a thesis report for what is the same Innodata Corps is implementing right now computerized daily time record as an alternative for Bundy clock. The means of  getting inside the company premises is by swiping cards into a machine that reads every record of each employee then monitor and displays the time a particular  employee logs in and out. In the 2005 annual report of the Forest Products Research and Development Institute under the Department of Science and Technology, it is said that,   Ã¢â‚¬Å"The computerized database and attendance on Forest Products Research and Development Institute was designed to facilitate the Institute's data entry,  processing, computation and maintenance of employee time and attendance transactions. The system allows employees to log in/out as the swipe their IDs through a barcode reader attached to a computer terminal. The processing forms include those for legal holidays, travel order, tardiness, under time, vacation and sick  leave. Pertinent Report forms have been designed for easier access to all these data. Attendance Monitoring with Payroll System Attendance Monitoring with Payroll System is the key to proficient and successful time tracking and management in your workplace. It is a software-based time and attendance system that allows the user to collect and organize employee time data simply and accurately. You can use our system to: †¢ Easily and efficiently track your employee time. †¢ Manage your time & attendance data and employee profiles. †¢ Reduce the headaches and time associated with payroll. Best of all, Our Attendance Monitoring with Payroll System can quickly pay for itself in time savings, reduction of time theft and elimination of payroll errors. Methodology of the Study Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) Model Employee The relevance of System Development Life Cycle to this study is that it typically provides an approach in problem solving and is made up of several phases. The SDLC approach explains that a project must have requirement analysis and how project planning begins that is essential for this research. The proponents use a use case diagram because it describes a sequence of actions that provide something of measurable value to an actor and is drawn as a horizontal ellipse. This study need to use an Use Case Development life Cycle because it typically explain the activities performed in a software development project such as requirements description of steps or actions between a user or â€Å"actor† and a software system which leads the user towards something useful. The proponents chose this because documentation is produced at an early stage of the development. The requirement analysis identifies and defines the need for the new system. It analyzes the information needs of the end users and creates a blueprint with the necessary specifications for the hardware, software, people and data resources. In the design phase, the proponents made a plan on how to solve the problems specified by the requirement document. It is also in this phase where the proponents identified the modules to be developed on the software to produce the desired results 1. Theoretical Framework Figure 2. 2 The diagram in figure 2. shows the theoretical framework of Attendance Monitoring with Payroll system. The study was from the concept of Transaction Processing System (TPS). The input starts when the employee log-in and log-out through barcode reader, in which the system will automatically read each barcode ID. The process inside the system includes the process being made between the employee and accounting department. The system computes the number of hours which the employee attendance by the Daily time Record (DTR), the attendance made as well as payroll. The system also store and display data about how employee transact with the accounting department. The attendance report by the company was recorded in the database. All process being made is recorded in the system. As a log-in and log-out being processed by the system, it is capable of generating reports like the number of hour attends; taxes, net par and gross pay as well as salary. This process will serve as a summary of information from the system as an attendance monitoring. 2. Conceptual framework On the basis of the foregoing concepts, theories, and findings of related literature, studies and insights taken from them, a conceptual model is develop as shown below: |INPUT | |PROCESS | |OUTPUT | |   | |   | |   | |Knowledge Requirements | |System Analysis | | | |a. Barcode reader | | | |Attendance monitoring using | | | | | |barcode reader with payroll | | | |a. Requirement Analysis | |system for CycleMar Caloocan | | | |b. Requirement Definition | |Corporation | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |Software Design | | | |a. Windows 7 OS | |a. Software Engineering | |   | |b. Visual Studio 9 | | Life Cycle | |   | |c. MySQL | |b. System Flowchart | |   | |   | |c. Context Diagram | |   | |Hardware Requirements | |d. Data Flow Diagram | |   | |- 1GB Memory | |   | |   | |-Intel Dual Core | |System Development | |   | |-Optical Mouse | |a. Scheduling of Activities | |   | |-barcode reader | |b. Program Coding | |   | |   | |   | |   | |   | |   | |   | | | |   | |   | Figure 2. 3 INPUT 1. Knowledge Requirements The following are the knowledge requirements for the study. The proponents must have knowledge on barcode reader. The team must also have knowledge regarding Payroll system how they work and processes involved inside attendance monitoring with payroll system. 2. Software Requirements These are the software requirements of the system. The proponents used Windows 7 as their Operating System and Visual Studio 9 as their programming language. In their system database, the proponents used MySQL for storing of data and information. 3. Hardware Requirements There are two hardware requirements for the study. The processor of the computer must at least be Pentium IV and the RAM memory is 1GB. Barcode reader will be used to scan the barcode image printed in the employees ID. PROCESS 1. System Analysis The proponents must analyze the company's problem in order to design a system based on the needs of the company. They identified the company’s problem and specify a solution according to the problem. The proponents conducted interview and gathered information about the process under existing system of the company. 2. System Design The proponents designed a computerized system on attendance monitoring and payroll system. The number of hours will be recorded to the computer-based log-in and log-out system database. If an employee scans his/her Identification Card (ID), the system will record his/her log-in time and when the employee logs-out, the employee will scan again his/her I. D. Then when the payday comes, the accountant will release the pay slip of the employees. 3. System Development The proponents had six (6) months to do the research. In the first two months, the team gathered all the needed information for the study. On the third month, the team made the system’s flowchart and program flowchart. The third and fourth months, the team did the encoding of program, the making and designing of the database, connecting the barcode device to the system and database. On the fifth and sixth months, the system was evaluated and tested according to its function. The proponents expected the barcode reader was to be more or less than Php 2,000. 00 I. OUTPUT After the planning stage, gathering of relevant information, making and debugging the program and after six consecutive months of making the study, the computerized log-in and log-out was developed. The performance of this system will be tested by conducting lot of testing for trial and error. The system was evaluated by the company. CHAPTER  III SYSTEM PLANNING A. Description of the Existing System 1. Context Diagram Figure 3. 1 Context Diagram of attendance monitoring with payroll system 2. Data Flow Diagram Figure 3. 2. 1 attendance monitoring with payroll system Figure 3. 2. 2 Extracted data flow diagram for attendance monitoring. B. Problem Definition 1. Problem Description CycleMar Caloocan Corporation has a multiple number of employees that they managed in every department especially in the Retails and Whole Sales department. The problem was in the Attendance Monitoring and Payroll System. The company was using a Bundy Clock for their Attendance monitoring of the employees. The Bundy clock will not run if there’s no time card. The problem occurs when the records of the Attendance is being process for their Payroll System. When the payroll was process, they will record the attendance of each employee manually. So, the attendance records of the employees save manually and it takes a lot of time consuming to do that. The other problem is the space need to store the used time cards. In the payroll system, they compute manually depend on the level of the salaries and deductions of each employee. 2. Anticipated Business Benefits The company benefits to be obtained from the new system for Attendance Monitoring for Payroll System for CycleMar Caloocan Corporation are to integrate its technological component. More immediate benefits include the following: †¢ Computerized attendance Monitoring System †¢ Reduce data redundancy †¢ User friendly Monitoring System for Payroll System †¢ Easy to identify records †¢ Have a database server to support the monitoring and payroll records †¢ Secure records and information of the entire system †¢ Have a data report †¢ Process transaction efficiency 3. System Capabilities To obtain corporation benefit listed previously, the users support subsystem will include the following capabilities. SUBSYSTEMS |CAPABILITIES | |Attendance Monitoring |Computerize Login and Logout to record data. | | |Have an efficient Attendance Monitoring. | | |Have a new and Effective device. (Barcode Reader) for employee’s ID. | |Application (Employee) |Eas y to record a new employees. | | |Update employee’s record. | | |Maintain reliable storage information of each employee. | |Payroll |Have reliable records of the employees to compute salaries. | |Maintain reliable storage information of each employee in terms of salaries. | Figure 3. 1 system capabilities C. Project Feasibility 1. Project Development Cost Personnel |Position |Salary | |Project Manager |PHP 25,000. 00 | |Senior Technical Specialist |PHP 20,000. 00 | |System Analyst |PHP 17,500. 0 | |Database Analyst |PHP 16,500. 00 | |Programmer |PHP 15,000. 00 | |Total |PHP 94,000. 00 | Hardware |Quantity |Particular |Price |Total Price | |3 |Intel Celeron (PC Set) |PHP 11,960. 00 |PHP 35,880. 0 | |1 |C10-W |PHP 1,580. 00 |PHP 1,580. 00 | | |Contact Barcode Scanner | | | |1 |TP-Link SF-1008D 8-port Switch |PHP 720. 00 |PHP 720. 00 | | |(Network Switch) | | | |3 |APC BE-500R-PH ES500va black |PHP 2,540. 00 |PHP 7,620. 0 | | |(UPS/AVR) | | | | | |PHP 16,800. 00 |PHP 45,800. 00 | Software |Quantity |Particular |Price |Total Price | |3 |Microsoft Windows 7 Professional|PHP 7,160. 00 |PHP 21,480. 00 | |2 |Microsoft Office 2010 Home and |PHP 9,330. 00 |PHP 18,660. 0 | | |Business | | | | | |PHP 16,490. 00 |PHP 40,140. 00 | Furniture and Fixtures |Quantity |Particular |Price |Total Price | |2 |Computer Chair |PHP 770 |PHP 2,310. 00 | |3 |Office Table |PHP 900 |PHP 2,700. 0 | | | |PHP 1,670. 00 |PHP 5,010. 00 | Expenses |Particular |Amount | |Training Expenses |PHP 15,000. 00 | |Transportation |PHP 3,000. 00 | | |PHP 18,000. 00 | Summary Particular |Amount | |Personnel |PHP 94,000. 00 | |Hardware |PHP 45,800. 00 | |Software |PHP 40,140. 00 | |Furniture and Fixture |PHP 5,010. 00 | |Expenses |PHP 18,000. 0 | | |PHP 202,950. 00 | 2. Cost – Benefit Analysis |Personnel |Number |No. of Working Days |Hours/Day |Rate/Day | |Accountant Head |1 |20,000. 00 |20,000. 00 |240,000. 00 | |Accountant |10 |12,000. 00 |12,000. 00 |144,000. 00 | |Office Staff |40 |10,000. 00 |10,000. 00 |120,000. 0 | |Secretary |7 |9,000. 00 |9,000. 00 |108,000. 00 | |Sales Executive Head |1 |15,000. 00 |15,000. 00 |180,000. 00 | |Sales Executive |10 |10,000. 00 |10,000. 00 |120,000. 00 | |Sales Staff |10 |10,000. 00 |10,000. 00 |120,000. 00 | |Retail Head |1 |22,000. 00 |22,000. 00 |264,000. 0 | |Sales Staff |50 |10,000. 00 |10,000. 00 |120,000. 00 | |Maintenance Head |1 |25,000. 00 |25,000. 00 |300,000. 00 | |Maintenance Staff |50 |10,000. 00 |10,000. 00 |120,000. 00 | |Service Advisor |20 |12,000. 00 |12,000. 00 |144,000. 00 | |Unit Head |1 |25,000. 0 |25,000. 00 |300,000. 00 | |Unit Staff |30 |9,500. 00 |9,500. 00 |114,000. 00 | | | | |2,187,178. 00 |2,394,000. 00 | Hardware |Quantity |Particular |Price |Total Price | |1 |Bundy Clock |3,500. 00 |3,500. 00 | Stationeries and Supplies Quantity |Particular |Price |Total | |200 pieces |Time Card |119. 75 |239. 50 | |1 pieces |Ball pen |15. 00 |15. 00 | | | | |254. 50 | Expenses |Particular |Amount | |Hardwar e |PHP 3,500. 0 | |Stationeries and Supplies |PHP 254. 50 | |Total |PHP 3,754. 50 | Summary Existing Cost |Particular |Amount | |Personnel |PHP 2,394,000. 00 | |Expenses |PHP 3,754. 0 | |Total |PHP 2,397,754. 50 | Present Value Analysis |Year |Present Value (15%) |Existing System | |0 |1. 000 |2,397,754. 50 | |1 |0. 869 |2,083,648. 600 | |2 |0. 756 |1,812,702. 02 | |3 |0. 657 |1,575,324. 706 | |4 |0. 572 |1,372,515. 574 | |5 |0. 497 |1,191,683. 986 | |6 |0. 432 |1,035,829. 944 | | | |11,469,459. 712 | An Analysis and Design of Cyclemar Caloocan Corporation B. Cost Analysis of the Proposed System Personnel Monthly Salary |Personnel |Number |No. of Working Days |Hours/Day |Rate/Day | |System Administrator |2 |13,000. 00 |13,000. 00 |312,000. 00 | |Accountant Head |1 |20,000. 00 |20,000. 00 |240,000. 00 | |Accountant |10 |12,000. 00 |12,000. 00 |144,000. 0 | |Office Staff |40 |10,000. 00 |10,000. 00 |120,000. 00 | |Secretary |7 |9,000. 00 |9,000. 00 |108,000. 00 | |Sales Executive Head |1 |15,000. 00 |15,000. 00 |180,000. 00 | |Sales Executive |10 |10,000. 00 |10,000. 00 |120,000. 00 | |Sales Staff |10 |10,000. 00 |10,000. 00 |120,000. 0 | |Retail Head |1 |22,000. 00 |22,000. 00 |264,000. 00 | |Sales Staff |50 |10,000. 00 |10,000. 00 |120,000. 00 | |Maintenance Head |1 |25,000. 00 |25,000. 00 |300,000. 00 | |Maintenance Staff |50 |10,000. 00 |10,000. 00 |120,000. 00 | |Service Advisor |20 |12,000. 00 |12,000. 00 |144,000. 0 | |Unit Head |1 |25,000. 00 |25,000. 00 |300,000. 00 | |Unit Staff |30 |9,500. 00 |9,500. 00 |114,000. 00 | | | | |2,200,178. 00 |2,706,000. 00 | Hardware |Quantity |Particular |Price |Total Price | |3 |Intel Celeron (PC Set) |PHP 11,960. 00 |PHP 35,880. 0 | |1 |C10-W |PHP 1,580. 00 |PHP 1,580. 00 | | |Contact Barcode Scanner | | | |1 |TP-Link SF-1008D 8-port Switch |PHP 720. 00 |PHP 720. 00 | | |(Network Switch) | | | |3 |APC BE-500R-PH ES500va black |PHP 2,540. 00 |PHP 7,620. 0 | | |(UPS/AVR) | | | | | |PHP 16,800. 00 |PHP 45,800. 00 | Software |Quantity |Particular |Price |Total Price | |3 |Microsoft Windows 7 Professional|PHP 7,160. 00 |PHP 21,480. 00 | |2 |Microsoft Office 2010 Home and |PHP 9,330. 00 |PHP 18,660. 0 | | |Business | | | | | |PHP 16,490. 00 |PHP 40,140. 00 | Furniture and Fixtures |Quantity |Particular |Price |Total Price | |2 |Computer Chair |PHP 770 |PHP 2,310. 00 | |3 |Office Table |PHP 900 |PHP 2,700. 0 | | | |PHP 1,670. 00 |PHP 5,010. 00 | Stationeries and Supplies |Quantity |Particular |Price |Total | |5 Ream |Bond Paper |185. 00 |925. 00 | |24 |Black Ink |50. 00 |1,200. 00 | |24 |Color Ink |90. 0 |2,160. 00 | | | | |4,285. 00 | Expenses |Particular |Existing System |Proposed System | |Personnel |2,394,000. 00 |2,706,000. 00 | |Hardware |3,500. 00 |45,800. 00 | |Software |0. 0 |40,140. 00 | |Furniture and Fixtures |0. 00 |5,010. 00 | |Stationeries and Supplies |254. 50 |4,285. 00 | |Equipment Annual Maintenance |—————— |36,000. 00 | |Total |2,397,754. 50 |2,837,235. 00 | CHAPTER  IV SYSTEM ANALYSIS INFORMATION GATHERING TOOL AND TECHNIQUES A. Questionnaire This questionnaire is distributed in order to gather information regarding the role of personality questionnaire in human resource processes as well as its advantages and disadvantages. Through your participation, the study will be able to make possible recommendations that will highlight the functions of personality questionnaire and the guidelines for its appropriate utilization. The following questions that you will read below pertain to your perception on the use of personality questionnaire in recruiting and appraising applicants or employees. Kindly encircle the number of your choice in answering this questionnaire. Please answer the questions as honestly as possible. Thank you very much for your cooperation. B. GUIDE QUESTION The specific guide question is relate from the CycleMar Caloocan Corp. The question is about the company’s Attendance Monitoring for Payroll System. Our guide question for CycleMar Caloocan Corporation is the following: †¢ Who is the Owner of the company? †¢ What was the History of the company? †¢ What is the Organizational Chart of the company? †¢ What is the existing system of the company? †¢ What is the problem about the existing system of the company? †¢ When the problem of the system happened? †¢ Where the problem happened? †¢ What is the process of their attendance monitoring and payroll system? †¢ Who are involved in the system? †¢ How many are the employees? †¢ How many departments are there in their company? †¢   What Is a Time and Attendance Tracking Method? Description of the proposed system Cyclemar Caloocan Corporation uses a Bundy clock to record the attendance monitoring of the employees. In this reason we are urged to create a computerized attendance monitoring with payroll system that will record the attendance of the employees’ time-in and time-out of every department for also the processing of the salary. Solutions to problems Create a computerized attendance monitoring with payroll system that record fast and accurate employees’ attendance. The manual system losses its data from the previous records so the proponents were urged to create a long term archive of data that will benefit the company in the future. Losses of materials is an everyday routine and cannot be eliminated but according to our research and own observations the losses that the company was getting for this past years can be minimize by creating a proper designation of materials to every staff, in that way each material can be properly monitored during a certain event. Context Diagram [pic] Data Flow Diagram [pic] [pic] [pic] [pic] [pic] [pic] [pic] CHAPTER  V SYSTEM DESIGN SPECIFICATION AND IMPLEMENTATION A. Systems Design Models 1. Screen Layout USER LOGIN DTR (Daily Rime Record) Form Administator Form Add User Form (Administrator) Human Resource Home Form Human Resource Employee's Record Form Human Resource Logged Form Accounting Home Form Accounting Payroll Form Accounting Payroll Summary Form 2. Report Layout Organizational Directory B. Database Design 1. Table Description in Normalized Form |Table Name |Nos. f Fields |Description | |tbl_emp |8 |Employee's Informations | |tbl_logged |5 |Employee's Logged | |tbl_pay roll |10 |Payroll datas of employees | |tbl_total |5 |Total of Earnings, Deductions and Hours | |tbl_user |4 |User's Logged informations | 2. Table Relationships/Entity Relationship Diagram One to Many Relationship 3. Data Structure tbl_emp tbl_logged tbl_payroll tbl_total tbl_user 4. Data Dictionary Table Name: tbl_emp – Employee's Information |id_num |INTEGER |Unique number for each employee | |Lastname |VARCHAR(45) |Employee's Surname | |Fname VARCHAR(45) |Employee's Given Name | |MidName |VARCHAR(45) |Employee's Middle Name | |Gender |VARCHAR(10) |Employee's Gender | |Status |VARCHAR(20) |Employee's Status | |Position |VARCHAR(45) |Position of employee